I want to know what is call-by-need. Though I searched in wikipedia and found it here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaluation_strategy, but could not understand properly. If anyone can explain w...

How to compute the mean IU (mean Intersection over Union) score as in this paper? Long, Jonathan, Evan Shelhamer, and Trevor Darrell. "Fully Convolutional Networks for Semantic Segmentation."

In lambda calculus, if a term has normal form, normal order reduction strategy will always produce it. I just wonder how to prove the above proposition strictly?

How to evaluate condition in non short circuit way in typescript? Typescript does not allow & or | for boolean type. The reason why I need a non short circuit checking is I call showErrors in f...

I know that Scala supports call-by-name from ALGOL, and I think I understand what that means, but can Scala do call-by-reference like C#, VB.NET, and C++ can? I know that Java cannot do call-by-ref...

If a function is called using Call-by-Reference, then any changes made to the variable inside the function are affected immediately to the caller. And for Call-by-Sharing, it is affected at the end...

I always thought call-by-value and pass-by-value were synonymous. However, I recently heard someone refer to them as if they were different. Are they the same thing? I'm also talking about their c...