Linux has a utiliy called smbmount
, which can be found in package smbutils I believe.
This is a command line utility which mounts a Windows share to a directory on the local machine, optionally with username/password.
smbmount is I believe a utility which runs as root, so whether it's suitable for you I don't know. Maybe it can be used as user.
You could either mount the share by default on the Linux machine, thereby accessing the files on it as local files, or you could do the smbmount / smbumount from within the python script with exec or something like that.
mkdir WindowsShare # Do this only once
smbmount \\server\share /home/me/WindowsShare -ousername=...,password=...
ls /home/me/WindowsShare
smbumount /home/me/WindowsShare
Username and password can be written in a file for some security. Check the man page.
If you need something totally python have a look at pysmb. Terms to google for are python, smb, CIFS.