mov al,10
add al,15
How do I print the value of 'al'?
Printing out a number in assembly language?
You need to specify your machine type and operating system, since I/O is generally very platform-dependent. –
Narrowminded
He did, it has a "win16" tag. –
Frances
win16 really? Still using Windows 3.1 are we? –
Straight
Have you tried int 21h service 2? DL is the character to print.
mov dl,'A' ; print 'A'
mov ah,2
int 21h
To print the integer value, you'll have to write a loop to decompose the integer to individual characters. If you're okay with printing the value in hex, this is pretty trivial.
If you can't rely on DOS services, you might also be able to use the BIOS int 10h with AL set to 0Eh or 0Ah.
Awesome help.. was looking for a long time.. everywhere it was mov ah, 09 which for printing the arrays but not mov ah,02 for printing single value. –
Platinocyanide
Assembly language has no direct means of printing anything. Your assembler may or may not come with a library that supplies such a facility, otherwise you have to write it yourself, and it will be quite a complex function. You also have to decide where to print things - in a window, on the printer? In assembler, none of this is done for you.
DOS Print 32 bit value stored in EAX with hexadecimal output (for 80386+)
(on 64 bit OS use DOSBOX)
.code
mov ax,@DATA ; get the address of the data segment
mov ds,ax ; store the address in the data segment register
;-----------------------
mov eax,0FFFFFFFFh ; 32 bit value (0 - FFFFFFFF) for example
;-----------------------
; convert the value in EAX to hexadecimal ASCIIs
;-----------------------
mov di,OFFSET ASCII ; get the offset address
mov cl,8 ; number of ASCII
P1: rol eax,4 ; 1 Nibble (start with highest byte)
mov bl,al
and bl,0Fh ; only low-Nibble
add bl,30h ; convert to ASCII
cmp bl,39h ; above 9?
jna short P2
add bl,7 ; "A" to "F"
P2: mov [di],bl ; store ASCII in buffer
inc di ; increase target address
dec cl ; decrease loop counter
jnz P1 ; jump if cl is not equal 0 (zeroflag is not set)
;-----------------------
; Print string
;-----------------------
mov dx,OFFSET ASCII ; DOS 1+ WRITE STRING TO STANDARD OUTPUT
mov ah,9 ; DS:DX->'$'-terminated string
int 21h ; maybe redirected under DOS 2+ for output to file
; (using pipe character">") or output to printer
; terminate program...
.data
ASCII DB "00000000",0Dh,0Ah,"$" ; buffer for ASCII string
Alternative string output directly to the videobuffer without using software interupts:
;-----------------------
; Print string
;-----------------------
mov ax,0B800h ; segment address of textmode video buffer
mov es,ax ; store address in extra segment register
mov si,OFFSET ASCII ; get the offset address of the string
; using a fixed target address for example (screen page 0)
; Position`on screen = (Line_number*80*2) + (Row_number*2)
mov di,(10*80*2)+(10*2)
mov cl,8 ; number of ASCII
cld ; clear direction flag
P3: lodsb ; get the ASCII from the address in DS:SI + increase si
stosb ; write ASCII directly to the screen using ES:DI + increase di
inc di ; step over attribut byte
dec cl ; decrease counter
jnz P3 ; repeat (print only 8 ASCII, not used bytes are: 0Dh,0Ah,"$")
; Hint: this directly output to the screen do not touch or move the cursor
; but feel free to modify..
PRINT_SUM PROC NEAR
CMP AL, 0
JNE PRINT_AX
PUSH AX
MOV AL, '0'
MOV AH, 0EH
INT 10H
POP AX
RET
PRINT_AX:
PUSHA
MOV AH, 0
CMP AX, 0
JE PN_DONE
MOV DL, 10
DIV DL
CALL PRINT_AX
MOV AL, AH
ADD AL, 30H
MOV AH, 0EH
INT 10H
PN_DONE:
POPA
RET
PRINT_SUM ENDP
You might have some luck calling the Win32 API's MessageBoxA, although whether Win16 supports that particular method is for someone else to answer.
AH = 09 DS:DX = pointer to string ending in "$"
returns nothing
- outputs character string to STDOUT up to "$"
- backspace is treated as non-destructive
- if Ctrl-Break is detected, INT 23 is executed
ref: http://stanislavs.org/helppc/int_21-9.html
.data
string db 2 dup(' ')
.code
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax
mov al,10
add al,15
mov si,offset string+1
mov bl,10
div bl
add ah,48
mov [si],ah
dec si
div bl
add ah,48
mov [si],ah
mov ah,9
mov dx,string
int 21h
Assuming you are writing a bootloader or other application that has access to the BIOS, here is a rough sketch of what you can do:
- Isolate the first digit of the hex byte
- If it is greater than 9 (i.e. 0x0A to 0x0F), subtract 10 from it (scaling it down to 0 to 5), and add 'A' (0x41).
- If it is less than or equal to 9 (i.e. 0x00 to 0x09), add '0' to it.
- Repeat this with the next hex digit.
Here is my implementation of this:
; Prints AL in hex.
printhexb:
push ax
shr al, 0x04
call print_nibble
pop ax
and al, 0x0F
call print_nibble
ret
print_nibble:
cmp al, 0x09
jg .letter
add al, 0x30
mov ah, 0x0E
int 0x10
ret
.letter:
add al, 0x37
mov ah, 0x0E
int 0x10
ret
Call WinAPI function (if u are developing win-application)
f you write a windows application (even with) in asm or C... Then, functions will be a WinAPI function. It is like answering "you should see a doctor" to someone saying "I'm ill". –
Apodaca
; good example of unlimited num print
.model small
.stack 100h
.data
number word 6432
string db 10 dup('$')
.code
main proc
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax
mov ax,number
mov bx ,10
mov cx,0
l1:
mov dx,0
div bx
add dx,48
push dx
inc cx
cmp ax,0
jne l1
mov bx ,offset string
l2:
pop dx
mov [bx],dx
inc bx
loop l2
mov ah,09
mov dx,offset string
int 21h
mov ax,4c00h
int 21h
main endp
end main
terrible formatting. Downvoted for being nearly unreadable with tons of whitespace, no indenting, and no comments. –
Fasciation
mov al,3 ;print ♥
mov dl,al
;call print service(2) to print from dl
mov ah,2
int 21h
;return to DOS
mov ah,76 ;76 = 4ch
int 21h ;call interrupt
Downvoted, this doesn't answer the question at all and instead prints a heart. –
Mortarboard
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