Each Substrate runtime has a RuntimeVersion. The fields in this RuntimeVersion struct indicate when various aspects of the runtime change and each field has its own semantics described in those doc...

Substrate supports "pluggable consensus" so a developer can choose from among several consensus algorithms. It comes standard with four algorithms: Aura Babe Proof of Work Grandpa Some ...

While implementing my chain logic I was wondering whether to use events at all since they might cost the node extra storage for the event logs. What is the actual storage cost involved here? Do the...

When implementing a runtime module in substrate, given the following storage decl_storage! { trait Store for Module<T: Trait> as CatAuction { Kitties get(kitties): map T::Hash => Kitty&...

How can I do math on floating point values in substrate runtime. As a simple example imagine I want to keep track of an interest rate in a decentralized finance. I can prototype by using the perce...

i have some script using to sending Ethers from address to addres. Im using Parity, and Python 3.6. It is using Flask looks like: from flask import Flask, render_template, json, request import url...

I am using [email protected] to deploy smart contracts against a localhost:8545 [email protected] rpc, using an account that is funded with Ether has been unlocked using personal.unlockAc...

Here it's a very high level description with only formulas. I want to understand actually how it works. I don't actually understand what a step is and what's it's use? Does a node always keep upd...