Just pasting some answers I've found researching the same question:
As for rate limits (which is why I came here):
Official Twitter answer:
@episod Taylor Singletary
The REST API (api.twitter.com/1/*) accepts authentication for every
method. When you use authentication, it's pulled from the user's rate
limit.
The Search API, which is rate limited totally differently than the
REST API, doesn't use OAuth or any form of authorization. This is
where you'd likely want to use vanilla JSON-P requests.
Just because an OAuth signed request returns data, doesn't mean the
request was valid OAuth. In contexts where we can consider an invalid
request as an unauthenticated request instead, we'll service it. 19
weeks 1 day ago reply
Another Twitter answer regarding jQuery and security.
As for Jitter, I think it's dead.