When I render a page using the Django template renderer, I can pass in a dictionary variable containing various values to manipulate them in the page using {{ myVar }}.
Is there a way to access the same variable in JavaScript, <script></script> (perhaps using the DOM; I don't know how Django makes the variables accessible)? I want to be able to look up details using an Ajax lookup based on the values contained in the variables passed in.
The {{variable}} is substituted directly into the HTML. Do a view source; it isn't a "variable" or anything like it. It's just rendered text.
Having said that, you can put this kind of substitution into your JavaScript.
<script type="text/javascript">
var a = "{{someDjangoVariable}}";
</script>
This gives you "dynamic" JavaScript code.
escapejs filter exists: escapejs('<>') -> u'\\u003C\\u003E' –
Shute var a = {{someDjangoVariable|escapejs|safe}}" then? –
Choplogic id="{{ obj.name }}. Now how to refer to this id by JS? Doing this is giving me error. var c = document.getElementById({{ obj.name }}); –
Cad someDjangoVariable, it's better to do this var a = `{{someDjangoVariable|safe}}`;. Or if it's JSON content in your someDjangoVariable, it's might be best to just do var a = {{someDjangoVariable|safe}};, this way Javascript will load the JSON correctly –
Correa Caution: Check ticket #17419 for a discussion on adding a similar tag into Django core and possible XSS vulnerabilities introduced by using this template tag with user generated data. A comment from amacneil discusses most of the concerns raised in the ticket.
I think the most flexible and handy way of doing this is to define a template filter for variables you want to use in JavaScript code. This allows you to ensure that your data is properly escaped, and you can use it with complex data structures, such as dict and list.
Here is an example of a template filter:
// myapp/templatetags/js.py
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
from django.template import Library
import json
register = Library()
@register.filter(is_safe=True)
def js(obj):
return mark_safe(json.dumps(obj))
This template filters converts a variable to a JSON string. You can use it like so:
// myapp/templates/example.html
{% load js %}
<script type="text/javascript">
var someVar = {{ some_var | js }};
</script>
safe only marks value as safe, without proper conversion and escaping. –
Effeminate function myWidget(config) { /* implementation */ } in JS file and than you use it on some pages using myWidget({{ pythonConfig | js }}). But you can not use it in JS files (as you noticed), so it has its limitations. –
Effeminate </script> into the data, thus breaking out of the current script and injecting arbitrary HTML (including starting a new script with <script>). –
Sprague A solution that worked for me was using the hidden input field in the template
<input type="hidden" id="myVar" name="variable" value="{{ variable }}">
Then getting the value in JavaScript this way,
var myVar = document.getElementById("myVar").value;
var myVar = document.getElementById("myVar").value;. This will work if the javascript is executed on the same page as the hidden input element. –
Odont As of Django 2.1, a new built-in template tag has been introduced specifically for this use case: json_script().
The new tag will safely serialize template values and will protect against XSS.
Django documentation excerpt:
Safely outputs a Python object as JSON, wrapped in a tag, ready for use with JavaScript.
The new documentation says use {{ mydata|json_script:"mydata" }} to prevent code injection.
A good example is given here:
{{ mydata|json_script:"mydata" }}
<script>
const mydata = JSON.parse(document.getElementById('mydata').textContent);
</script>
There is a nice easy way implemented from Django 2.1+ using a built in template tag json_script. A quick example would be:
Declare your variable in your template:
{{ variable|json_script:'name' }}
And then call the variable in your <script> JavaScript code:
var js_variable = JSON.parse(document.getElementById('name').textContent);
It is possible that for more complex variables like 'User' you may get an error like "Object of type User is not JSON serializable" using Django's built in serializer. In this case you could make use of the Django Rest Framework to allow for more complex variables.
For a JavaScript object stored in a Django field as text, which needs to again become a JavaScript object dynamically inserted into on-page script, you need to use both escapejs and JSON.parse():
var CropOpts = JSON.parse("{{ profile.last_crop_coords|escapejs }}");
Django's escapejs handles the quoting properly, and JSON.parse() converts the string back into a JS object.
Here is what I'm doing very easily: I modified my base.html file for my template and put that at the bottom:
{% if DJdata %}
<script type="text/javascript">
(function () {window.DJdata = {{DJdata|safe}};})();
</script>
{% endif %}
Then when I want to use a variable in the JavaScript files, I create a DJdata dictionary and I add it to the context by JSON content: context['DJdata'] = json.dumps(DJdata)
For a dictionary, you're best off encoding to JSON first. You can use simplejson.dumps() or if you want to convert from a data model in App Engine, you could use encode() from the GQLEncoder library.
Note, that if you want to pass a variable to an external .js script then you need to precede your script tag with another script tag that declares a global variable.
<script type="text/javascript">
var myVar = "{{ myVar }}"
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="{% static "scripts/my_script.js" %}"></script>
data is defined in the view as usual in the get_context_data
def get_context_data(self, *args, **kwargs):
context['myVar'] = True
return context
I was facing a similar issue and an answer suggested by S.Lott worked for me.
<script type="text/javascript">
var a = "{{someDjangoVariable}}"
</script>
However, I would like to point out a major implementation limitation here. If you are planning to put your javascript code in different file and include that file in your template. This won't work.
This works only when you main template and JavaScript code is in same file. Probably Django team can address this limitation.
I've been struggling with this too. On the surface it seems that the above solutions should work. However, the Django architecture requires that each HTML file has its own rendered variables (that is, {{contact}} is rendered to contact.html, while {{posts}} goes to, e.g., index.html and so on). On the other hand, <script> tags appear after the {%endblock%} in base.html from which contact.html and index.html inherit. This basically means that any solution including
<script type="text/javascript">
var myVar = "{{ myVar }}"
</script>
is bound to fail, because the variable and the script cannot coexist in the same file.
The simple solution I eventually came up with, and worked for me, was to simply wrap the variable with a tag with id and later refer to it in the JavaScript file, like so:
// index.html
<div id="myvar">{{ myVar }}</div>
and then:
// somecode.js
var someVar = document.getElementById("myvar").innerHTML;
And just include <script src="static/js/somecode.js"></script> in base.html as usual.
Of course this is only about getting the content. Regarding security, just follow the other answers.
.textContent instead of .innerHTML, because otherwise entities that get HTML-encoded will be part of the JS variable too. But even then it might not be reproduced 1:1 (I'm not sure). –
Sprague I have found we can pass Django variables to JavaScript functions like this:
<button type="button" onclick="myJavascriptFunction('{{ my_django_variable }}')"></button>
<script>
myJavascriptFunction(djangoVariable){
alert(djangoVariable);
}
</script>
I use this way in Django 2.1 and it works for me. And this way is secure (reference):
Django side:
def age(request):
mydata = {'age':12}
return render(request, 'test.html', context={"mydata_json": json.dumps(mydata)})
HTML side:
<script type='text/javascript'>
const mydata = {{ mydata_json|safe }};
console.log(mydata)
</script>
There were two things that worked for me inside JavaScript:
'{{context_variable|escapejs }}'
And other:
In views.py:
from json import dumps as jdumps
def func(request):
context={'message': jdumps('hello there')}
return render(request,'index.html',context)
And in the HTML content:
{{ message|safe }}
You can use the variables from views.py in JavaScript, <script></script> in Django Templates.
For example, if you pass the dictionary with persons having a list of dictionaries from views.py to Django Templates as shown below:
# "views.py"
from django.shortcuts import render
def test(request, id=None, slug=None):
persons = [
{'name':'John', 'age':36},
{'name':'David','age':24}
]
return render(request, 'index.html', {"persons":persons})
Then, you can use the variables in JavaScript, <script></script> in Django Templates as shown below:
# "index.html"
<script>
{% for person in persons %}
console.log("{{ person.name }} {{ person.age}}");
{% endfor %}
</script>
Then, these results are displayed on console:
John 36
David 24
Be careful, if you use a JavaScript's variable and for loop, unexpected results are displayed on console:
# "index.html"
<script>
let js_persons = "{{ persons }}"
for (let i = 0; i < js_persons.length; i++) {
console.log(js_persons[i]);
}
</script>
Of course, you can use comment tag in JavaScript, <script></script> in Django Templates as shown below:
# "index.html"
<script>
{% for person in persons %}
{% comment %}
console.log("{{ person.name }} {{ person.age}}");
{% endcomment %}
{% endfor %}
</script>
# "index.html"
<script>
{% comment %}
{% for person in persons %}
console.log("{{ person.name }} {{ person.age}}");
{% endfor %}
{% endcomment %}
</script>
# "index.html"
{% comment %}
<script>
{% for person in persons %}
console.log("{{ person.name }} {{ person.age}}");
{% endfor %}
</script>
{% endcomment %}
You can assemble the entire script where your array variable is declared in a string, as follows,
aaa = [41, 56, 25, 48, 72, 34, 12]
prueba = "<script>var data2 =["
for a in aaa:
aa = str(a)
prueba = prueba + "'" + aa + "',"
prueba = prueba + "];</script>"
That will generate a string as follows
prueba = "<script>var data2 =['41','56','25','48','72','34','12'];</script>"
After having this string, you must send it to the template.
return render(request, 'example.html', {"prueba": prueba})
In the template, you receive it and interpret it in a literary way as HTML code, just before the JavaScript code where you need it, for example
{{ prueba|safe }}
And below that is the rest of your code. Keep in mind that the variable to use in the example is data2.
<script>
console.log(data2);
</script>
That way, you will keep the type of data, which in this case is an arrangement.
aaa will only contain numbers, otherwise XSS (script injection) is possible. –
Sprague There are various answers pointing to json_script. Contrary to what one might think, that's not a one-size-fits-all solution.
For example, when we want to pass to JavaScript dynamic variables generated inside a for loop, it's best to use something like data-attributes.
If you want to send a variable directly to a function by passing it as a parameter, then try this
<input type="text" onkeyup="somefunction('{{ YOUR_VARIABLE }}')">
As from previous answers, the security can be improved upon.
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