The USB 2.0 specification allows the voltage output from a USB port to be anywhere between 4.40 V and 5.25 V, but it is typically 5 V.
While you could construct a USB port that has a different voltage, you should probably not do that because a normal USB device you plug into that port could malfunction or be damaged. It's unlikely that your phone provides a feature for changing the voltage of your USB port.
The USB specification allows devices to draw 100 mA from a USB port before they have reached the "configured" state (see Chapter 9 of the USB specification for more information about USB device states). Once the device is configured, it can draw more current, as long as it doesn't exceed the amount of current specified in its configuration descriptor.
If your phone does not get the device into the configured state by default, it might be possible to write an app to do it, thus allowing your device to draw more than 100 mA without violating the USB specification.