The MSISDN (aka the mobile phone number) isn't a SIM data, so you can't retrieve it. The SIM card has an IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) that is sent to the HLR (Home Location Register) in charge of doing the mapping MSISDN/IMSI.
Mobile phone operators could store the MSISDN on the SIM card if they wanted to, but since it is not required in the GSM protocol it isn't.
Sorry!
For more info look at this discussion Getting phone number also How android get MSISDN
EDIT:
To get IMSI number,
TelephonyManager mTelephonyMgr = (TelephonyManager) getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
String imsi = mTelephonyMgr.getSubscriberId();
but a few handsets only return 6 digits instead of 15. So, you can use,
According to this post:
String imei = android.os.SystemProperties.get(android.telephony.TelephonyProperties.PROPERTY_IMSI);
For more info look at This Question and class SystemProperties