X11/Xlib: Create "GlassPane"-Window

Question

I've tried to create a fully transparent window using C++ & X11. It should not consume any events and simply forwards them to the windows below. Some kind of GlassPane as it's known for Java-Windows, but full screen. Then I'd like to draw on this window.

Is this somehow possible with X11?

My first attempt was ignoring all events, simply copy the image from the root window using XGetImage()... But first of all, this is quite slow as the window would need to be full screen. XShmGetImage unfortunately isn't an option here.

For sure, this window wouldn't need any decoration, but that isn't a big problem.

How to do this using X11 / Xlib only? If it's not possible, what else do I need?

Any help is appreciated!

PS: Xinerama is activated as well as Compiz, if that brings problems I could live deactivating them.

Cocke

Answer 1

You can create an output-only window by setting its input shape to empty.

The API is XFixesSetWindowShapeRegion() and you can set ShapeInput separately from ShapeBounding. XFixesCreateRegion() is used to get a region to pass in.

Then you need an RGBA (with-alpha-channel) visual so you can draw transparent pixels into most of the window.

A compositing window manager will be required in order for the transparency to work.

Rateable

as for the events, XFixesSetWindowShapeRegion with an empty region for ShapeInput works. Good point, thanks! – Cocke

Another question about this: Can I in any way intercept the event (get notified) but not consume it, meaning, the window below also receives the event? Guess with XFixesSetWindowShapeRegion() für ShapeInput, this may not work, right? Thanks! – Cocke

there's no way to "snoop" events right now as far as I know, sadly. – Rateable

okay. If I need the events, I'll just set another region... That's okay. Thanks! – Cocke

You could "snoop" mouse events by tracking them globally with Xinput and then checking whether they're within bounds of your window. The only thing that's really complicated to do is passing through only some of the events. – Finney

Answer 2

You need overlay visual support for this in you X Server, or else performance will be absolutely abysmal, since you'd have to map / unmap your window continuously and/or do the get/putimage dance all the time.

You have to have the main/root plane non-overlay and create an overlay visual on top of that. Everything that's clear in the overlay plane will pass the "main screen" through.

Documentation on how to do this in "plain X" is very sparse, the simpler way would be via OpenGL / GLX, http://www.opengl.org/sdk/docs/man/xhtml/glXChooseVisual.xml - simply try:

int query[] = { /* GLX_RGBA, */ GLX_LEVEL, 1, 0 };
overlayVisual = glXChooseVisual(mydisplay, DefaultScreen(mydisplay), query);
myWindow = XCreateWindow(..., overlayVisual, ...);

Then You should be able to clear the window to make the "main root" visible, and draw into it to cover it. In "olden times" the overlay often was required to be a non-RGB (color indexed / palettized) visual and chroma keying was used for the transparent parts. OpenGL RGBA should support transparency / blending via the alpha channel, though ...

I haven't tried, my current framebuffer doesn't support overlays. Nvidia mentions them in the documentation for their X11 drivers / their config files hence I assume they're still around, and still usable in this fashion.

Rajewski

Answer 3

Xlib/X11 has an atom that performs this perfectly: "_NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY"

void ApplyAlpha (Display* display, Window window, byte Alpha)
  {
    int Alpha_;
    //
    Alpha_ = Alpha | Alpha << 8 | Alpha << 16 | Alpha << 24;
    if (Alpha == 0xFF)
      XDeleteProperty (display, window, XInternAtom (display, "_NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY", 0));
    else
      XChangeProperty (display, window, XInternAtom (display, "_NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY", 0),
                       XA_CARDINAL, 32, PropModeReplace, (byte *) &Alpha_, 1);
  }

Quinby