To expand on user3761183's answer, after a bit of googling I ran:
sudo plutil -convert xml1 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/*.platform/Info.plist
That got rid of all the Unable to load platform at path /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/AppleTVOS.platform
errors. I'm still getting errors about:
Couldn't load '/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/Library/Xcode/Specifications/Core Build System.xcspec'. Reason: Error Domain=NSCocoaErrorDomain Code=3840 "Unexpected character b at line 1" UserInfo={NSDebugDescription=Unexpected character b at line 1, kCFPropertyListOldStyleParsingError=Error Domain=NSCocoaErrorDomain Code=3840 "Unexpected ';' or '=' after key at line 1" UserInfo={NSDebugDescription=Unexpected ';' or '=' after key at line 1}}.
But I was getting them originally too, so if you aren't then the above command should solve your problems.
EDIT: removed comment about Install addtional required components
that did nothing. Next guess is reinstalling XCode as Jonathan F suggests.
FWIW I tried sudo xcode-select -switch /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/
already and that did nothing too.