iPhone / iPad is Bluetooth 4.0
The data rate depends on the version of the devices involved.
Typically Classic Bluetooth data rate is 2.0 or 3.0 Mbps theoretical over the air bit rate. Will will translate to around 1.5-2.0 Mbps application level throughput. You can expect this rate on the iPhone / iPad (depending on the profile you use and the remote device)
What you have mentioned is for BT 3.0 + HS (High Speed) 24 Mbps etc is achieved by using the 802.11 as the underlying mac for Bluetooth stack / profiles.
High Speed is not supported on the iPhone / iPad.
BT 4.0 (in LE mode) is primarily for sensor devices that need very low power , so data rate is not the focus with LE (but battery life of year is) the application max data rate is around 300 Kbps. (You should not use LE when you have high data to send - use Bluetooth Classic instead), LE is optimized for small intermittent data transfers.