Match all files under all nested directories with shell globbing

Question

Is there a way to use shell globbing to identify nested directories?

so if I have dir/dir1/dir2/dir3/dir4/dir5/.. and I have files under all of them, what is the equivalent globbing pattern to match all files under all directories, similar to - for example - ls -R

Kazukokb

Voted to move to SuperUser.com. Also why is this tagged 'git'? – Oriente

gitignore doesn't use shell globbing; that's a separate question. – Kempis

Similar: What expands to all files in current directory recursively? at SO – Herodotus

Answer 1

In Bash 4, with shopt -s globstar, and zsh you can use **/* which will include everything except hidden files. You can do shopt -s dotglob in Bash 4 or setopt dotglob in zsh to cause hidden files to be included.

In ksh, set -o globstar enables it. I don't think there's a way to include dot files implicitly, but I think **/{.[^.],}* works.

Whiteside

That's cool! will files parsed for shell globbing (like for example .gitignore) use those settings? – Kazukokb

@Samer Abukhait: If the shell is doing the globbing then it should. – Whiteside

@Samer: But gitignore isn't using shell globbing, it's using fnmatch. – Kempis

Answer 2

Specifically about git (gitignore, gitattributes, and commands that take filenames): if the pattern contains no slash, * wildcards will match deep. If it does contain a slash, git will call fnmatch with the FNM_PATHNAME flag, and simple wildcards won't match slashes. ** to match deep isn't supported. Maybe this kind of deep matching could be more widely supported with a new FNM_STARSTAR flag, and an implementation in glibc, gnulib and other places.

Abshire

Answer 3

If you want to act on all the files returned by find, rather than just list them, you can pipe them to xargs:

find <directory> -type f | xargs ls

But this is only for commands that don't have a recursive flag.

Macfarlane

Answer 4

You may try:

**/*.*

However it'll ignore hidden files (such as .git files). Sometimes it's a life-saver.

^{Read more at: What expands to all files in current directory recursively? at SO}

Herodotus

Answer 5

There is no way to do this with vanilla Bash, however most commands accept a -R or --recursive option to tell them to descend into directories.

If you simply want to list all files located anywhere within a directory or its sub-directories, you can use find.

To recursively find files (-type f) with a given directory:

find <directory> -type f

Oriente

Answer 6

You can use tree, it will show all folders recursively.

tree <path>

Euraeurasia