"pyartifactory" provides the REST API functionality you are looking for.
"pyartifactory" is an alternative to "artifactory". It differs by providing more concise methods.
pyartifactory: https://pypi.org/project/pyartifactory/
Their provided "Download an artifact" example:
artifact = art.artifacts.download("<ARTIFACT_PATH_IN_ARTIFACTORY>", "<LOCAL_DIRECTORY_PATH>")
# artifact = art.artifacts.download("my-artifactory-repository/my/new/artifact/file.txt", "Desktop/my/local/directory")
# The artifact location is returned by the download method
# If you have not set a <LOCAL_DIRECTORY_PATH>, the artifact will be downloaded in the current directory