How can I determine network and broadcast address from the IP address and subnet mask?

Question

For example:

• IP Address: 130.45.34.36
• Mask: 255.255.240.0

What would be Net ID/Subnet Address, and Broadcast Address?

Sibyl

This two-part answer explains it all. – Rostand

If you or anyone not looking to do it manually may check the IPv4 and IPv6 subnet tools on this website. Almost all the tools on this website automatically calculates (corrects) the network address when an IP with subnet mask is provided which is not the network address for that subnet. For example check out this tool . HTH someone. – Apul

Answer 1

Let's write both in binary:

130.45.34.36 = 10000010.00101101.00100010.00100100

255.255.240.0 = 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000

A bitwise AND between the two would give us the network address:

10000010.00101101.00100010.00100100   (ip address)
AND
11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000   (subnet mask)
=
10000010.00101101.00100000.00000000 = 130.45.32.0 (the resulting network address)

A bitwise OR between the network address and the inverted subnet mask would give us the broadcast address:

10000010.00101101.00100000.00000000   (netadress)
OR
00000000.00000000.00001111.11111111   (inverted subnet mask)
=
10000010.00101101.00101111.11111111 = 130.45.47.255 (broadcast address)

Efficacy

Removed my answer, yours is a perfect! – Envelop

I've seen configuration options that allow the "all zeros" address (the network address) to be used as the broadcast address. I've never seen anything actually configured this way, however. – Mastodon

Answer 2

var network = calculateNetworkIP("192.168.0.101", "255.255.255.0");

var broadcast = calculateBroadcastIP("192.168.0.101", "255.255.255.0");

function calculateNetworkIP(ipAddress, maskIP){

    var binaryIP = convertIPToBinaryIP(ipAddress);
    var maskBinaryIP = convertIPToBinaryIP(maskIP);

    var binaryNetwork = [];
    for (var j = 0; j < maskBinaryIP.length; j++) {
        binaryNetwork.push(bitwiseAND(binaryIP[j], maskBinaryIP[j]));
    }

    var NetworkIPArr = convertBinaryIPToDecIP(binaryNetwork);

    var NetworkIPStr = "";
    for (var k = 0; k < NetworkIPArr.length; k++) {
        NetworkIPStr += NetworkIPArr[k]+".";
    }
    return NetworkIPStr.slice(0, -1);
}

function calculateBroadcastIP(ipAddress, maskIP){

    var binaryIP = convertIPToBinaryIP(ipAddress);
    var maskBinaryIP = convertIPToBinaryIP(maskIP);
    var invertedMark = [];
    for (var i = 0; i < maskBinaryIP.length; i++) {
        invertedMark.push(invertedBinary(maskBinaryIP[i]));
    }

    var binaryBroadcast = [];
    for (var j = 0; j < maskBinaryIP.length; j++) {
        binaryBroadcast.push(bitwiseOR(binaryIP[j], invertedMark[j]));
    }

    var broadcastIPArr = convertBinaryIPToDecIP(binaryBroadcast);

    var broadcastIPStr = "";
    for (var k = 0; k < broadcastIPArr.length; k++) {
        broadcastIPStr += broadcastIPArr[k]+".";
    }
    return broadcastIPStr.slice(0, -1);
}

function invertedBinary(number){

    var no = number+"";
    var noArr = no.split("");
    var newNo = "";
    for(var i = 0; i < noArr.length; i++){
        if(noArr[i] == "0"){
            newNo += "1";
        }else{
            newNo += "0";
        }
    }
    return newNo;
}

function bitwiseAND(firstBinary, secondBinary){

    var firstArr = [];
    var secondArr = [];
    firstArr = firstBinary.split("");
    secondArr = secondBinary.split("");
    var newAdded = "";
    for(var i = 0; i < firstArr.length; i++){
        if(firstArr[i]+"+"+secondArr[i] == "1+0"){
            newAdded += "0";
        }else if(firstArr[i]+"+"+secondArr[i] == "0+1"){
            newAdded += "0";
        }else if(firstArr[i]+"+"+secondArr[i] == "1+1"){
            newAdded += "1";
        }else if(firstArr[i]+"+"+secondArr[i] == "0+0"){
            newAdded += "0";
        }
    }
    return newAdded;
}

function bitwiseOR(firstBinary, secondBinary){

    var firstArr = [];
    var secondArr = [];
    firstArr = firstBinary.split("");
    secondArr = secondBinary.split("");
    var newAdded = "";
    for(var i = 0; i < firstArr.length; i++){
        if(firstArr[i]+"+"+secondArr[i] == "1+0"){
            newAdded += "1";
        }else if(firstArr[i]+"+"+secondArr[i] == "0+1"){
            newAdded += "1";
        }else if(firstArr[i]+"+"+secondArr[i] == "1+1"){
            newAdded += "1";
        }else if(firstArr[i]+"+"+secondArr[i] == "0+0"){
            newAdded += "0";
        }
    }
    return newAdded;
}

function convertBinaryIPToDecIP(binaryIPArr){

    var broadcastIP = [];
    for (var i = 0; i < binaryIPArr.length; i++) {
        broadcastIP.push(parseInt(parseInt(binaryIPArr[i]), 2));
    }
    return broadcastIP;
}

function convertIPToBinaryIP(ipAddress) {

    var ipArr = ipAddress.split(".");
    var binaryIP = [];
    for (var i = 0; i < ipArr.length; i++) {
        var binaryNo = parseInt(ipArr[i]).toString(2);
        if(binaryNo.length == 8){
            binaryIP.push(binaryNo);
        }else{
            var diffNo = 8 - binaryNo.length;
            var createBinary = '';
            for (var j = 0; j < diffNo; j++) {
               createBinary += '0';
            }
            createBinary += binaryNo;
            binaryIP.push(createBinary);
        }
    }
   return binaryIP; 
}

Homophonic

Answer 3

Code example based on Malt's answer:

const
    ipadr = '130.45.34.36',
    subnet = '255.255.240.0',
    ipadrs = ipadr.split('.'),
    subnets = subnet.split('.');

let networks = [],
    broadcasts = [];

for (let i in ipadrs) {
    networks[i] = ipadrs[i] & subnets[i];
}

console.log('netaddress: ', networks.join('.')) // netaddress:  130.45.32.0

for (let i in networks) {
    broadcasts[i] = networks[i] | ~subnets[i] + 256;
}

console.log('broadcast address: ', broadcasts.join('.')) // broadcast address:  130.45.47.255

Truehearted

Answer 4

Another short cut for broadcast address calculation after getting netwotk address is:

1. calculate total no of hosts (in this case it is 2^12 = 4096)

2. Divide it by 256(in this case it is 16) and add the result - 1(in this case 15) in *corresponding octet(in this case second octet i.e. 32+15=47) and make other octet 255

*we can get the corresponding octet by looking at the no of hosts. e.g if the no of hosts are greater than 256 then we have to add it to the 2nd octet of network address and so on

Jervis

Answer 5

typescript version

function getBroadcastAddress({ address, netmask }: NetworkInterfaceInfo) {
  const addressBytes = address.split(".").map(Number);
  const netmaskBytes = netmask.split(".").map(Number);
  const subnetBytes = netmaskBytes.map(
    (_, index) => addressBytes[index] & netmaskBytes[index]
  );
  const broadcastBytes = netmaskBytes.map(
    (_, index) => subnetBytes[index] | (~netmaskBytes[index] + 256)  
  );
  return broadcastBytes.map(String).join(".")
}

/*
  // test
  getBroadcastAddress({ address: "192.168.1.93", netmask: "255.255.255.0" }) == '192.168.1.255'
*/

Macrae