Regular expression to return all characters between two special characters

Question

How would I go about using regx to return all characters between two brackets. Here is an example:

foobar['infoNeededHere']ddd
needs to return infoNeededHere

I found a regex to do it between curly brackets but all attempts at making it work with square brackets have failed. Here is that regex: (?<={)[^}]*(?=}) and here is my attempt to hack it

(?<=[)[^}]*(?=])

Final Solution:

import re

str = "foobar['InfoNeeded'],"
match = re.match(r"^.*\['(.*)'\].*$",str)
print match.group(1)

Keane

Answer 1

^.*\['(.*)'\].*$ will match a line and capture what you want in a group.

You have to escape the [ and ] with \

The documentation at the rubular.com proof link will explain how the expression is formed.

Teeming

Do I use this with re.search? – Keane

a = re.search("^.*\['(.*)'\].*$","foobar['infoNeededHere']ddd") print a.group() is returning foobar['infoNeededHere']ddd – Keane

With regards to learning regex - my favourite tutorial is Chapter 8 of the TextWrangler manual. It's very easy to read and introduces regex concepts and syntax in a logical progression, with lots of examples. I keep a copy of that chapter around my desk at all times. – Finable

Answer 2

If you're new to REG(gular) EX(pressions) you learn about them at Python Docs. Or, if you want a gentler introduction, you can check out the HOWTO. They use Perl-style syntax.

Regex

The expression that you need is .*?\[(.*)\].*. The group that you want will be \1.
- .*?: . matches any character but a newline. * is a meta-character and means Repeat this 0 or more times. ? makes the * non-greedy, i.e., . will match up as few chars as possible before hitting a '['.
- \[: \ escapes special meta-characters, which in this case, is [. If we didn't do that, [ would do something very weird instead.
- (.*): Parenthesis 'groups' whatever is inside it and you can later retrieve the groups by their numeric IDs or names (if they're given one).
- \].*: You should know enough by now to know what this means.

Implementation

First, import the re module -- it's not a built-in -- to where-ever you want to use the expression.

Then, use re.search(regex_pattern, string_to_be_tested) to search for the pattern in the string to be tested. This will return a MatchObject which you can store to a temporary variable. You should then call it's group() method and pass 1 as an argument (to see the 'Group 1' we captured using parenthesis earlier). I should now look like:

>>> import re
>>> pat = r'.*?\[(.*)].*'             #See Note at the bottom of the answer
>>> s = "foobar['infoNeededHere']ddd"
>>> match = re.search(pat, s)
>>> match.group(1)
"'infoNeededHere'"

An Alternative

You can also use findall() to find all the non-overlapping matches by modifying the regex to (?>=\[).+?(?=\]).
- (?<=\[): (?<=) is called a look-behind assertion and checks for an expression preceding the actual match.
- .+?: + is just like * except that it matches one or more repititions. It is made non-greedy by ?.
- (?=\]): (?=) is a look-ahead assertion and checks for an expression following the match w/o capturing it.
Your code should now look like:

>>> import re
>>> pat = r'(?<=\[).+?(?=\])'  #See Note at the bottom of the answer
>>> s = "foobar['infoNeededHere']ddd[andHere] [andOverHereToo[]"
>>> re.findall(pat, s)
["'infoNeededHere'", 'andHere', 'andOverHereToo['] 

Note: Always use raw Python strings by adding an 'r' before the string (E.g.: r'blah blah blah').

10x for reading! I wrote this answer when there were no accepted ones yet, but by the time I finished it, 2 ore came up and one got accepted. :( x<

Dari

This worked for me, PERFECT, thank you for the explanation as well. – Acord

Answer 3

If there's only one of these [.....] tokens per line, then you don't need to use regular expressions at all:

In [7]: mystring = "Bacon, [eggs], and spam"

In [8]: mystring[ mystring.find("[")+1 : mystring.find("]") ]
Out[8]: 'eggs'

If there's more than one of these per line, then you'll need to modify Jarrod's regex ^.*\['(.*)'\].*$ to match multiple times per line, and to be non greedy. (Use the .*? quantifier instead of the .* quantifier.)

In [15]: mystring = "[Bacon], [eggs], and [spam]."

In [16]: re.findall(r"\[(.*?)\]",mystring)
Out[16]: ['Bacon', 'eggs', 'spam']

Finable