kmeans: Quick-TRANSfer stage steps exceeded maximum

Question

I am running k-means clustering in R on a dataset with 636,688 rows and 7 columns using the standard stats package: kmeans(dataset, centers = 100, nstart = 25, iter.max = 20).

I get the following error: Quick-TRANSfer stage steps exceeded maximum (= 31834400), and although one can view the code at http://svn.r-project.org/R/trunk/src/library/stats/R/kmeans.R - I am unsure as to what is going wrong. I assume my problem has to do with the size of my dataset, but I would be grateful if someone could clarify once and for all what I can do to mitigate the issue.

Jilt

I think it's more likely to do with the number of centers. Really? 100 clusters? Did you try a different algorithm, as in: kmeans(dataset, algorithm="Lloyd", ...)? That error message seems specific to the default algorithm, Hartigan-Wong. – Irwinirwinn

@Irwinirwinn - thanks! I then did try Lloyd and got no errors, although I really would prefer using Hartigan-Wong. – Jilt

Note, the actual error flag is from here: svn.r-project.org/R/trunk/src/library/stats/src/kmns.f (search IFAULT = 4). Still doesn't really explain what it means. – Triumvirate

Answer 1

I just had the same issue.

See the documentation of kmeans in R via ?kmeans:

The Hartigan-Wong algorithm generally does a better job than either of those, but trying several random starts (‘nstart’> 1) is often recommended. In rare cases, when some of the points (rows of ‘x’) are extremely close, the algorithm may not converge in the “Quick-Transfer” stage, signalling a warning (and returning ‘ifault = 4’). Slight rounding of the data may be advisable in that case.

In these cases, you may need to switch to the Lloyd or MacQueen algorithms.

The nasty thing about R here is that it continues with a warning that may go unnoticed. For my benchmark purposes, I consider this to be a failed run, and thus I use:

if (kms$ifault==4) { stop("Failed in Quick-Transfer"); }

Depending on your use case, you may want to do something like

if (kms$ifault==4) { kms = kmeans(X, kms$centers, algorithm="MacQueen"); }

instead, to continue with a different algorithm.

If you are benchmarking K-means, note that R uses iter.max=10 per default. It may take much more than 10 iterations to converge.

Addison

Here returns res$ifault=0, and not res$ifault=4, when the warning is thrown – Discriminator

Answer 2

Had the same problem, seems to have something to do with available memory.

Running Garbage Collection before the function worked for me:

gc()

or reference:

Increasing (or decreasing) the memory available to R processes

Twopiece

Answer 3

@jlhoward's comment:

Try

kmeans(dataset, algorithm="Lloyd", ..)

Shirley

Answer 4

I got the same error message, but in my case it helped to increase the number of iterations iter.max. That contradicts the theory of memory overload.

Lelahleland