Try again in few minutes. Maybe background indexing still running. Also, you must build your project in order to be able to use refactor->rename.
Actually, it must be a bug in Xcode 9. Try 9.1 beta, refactor is not ideal, but works better there.
this maybe helpful: https://forums.developer.apple.com/thread/80331
UPDATE:
- Close Xcode
- Go to
~/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData
and remove folder contents including "ModuleCache".
- Open your project and build
- Try rename functionality now. It should work!
Update 2:
For Xcode 10, it's enough just to restart it.
Update 3:
Still works for Xcode 12. Sometimes just restart helps, sometimes module cache needs to be removed. Sometimes even build->clean helps.