PHP: Access Array Value on the Fly [duplicate]

Question

In php, I often need to map a variable using an array ... but I can not seem to be able to do this in a one liner. c.f. example:

// the following results in an error:
echo array('a','b','c')[$key];

// this works, using an unnecessary variable:
$variable = array('a','b','c');
echo $variable[$key];

This is a minor problem, but it keeps bugging every once in a while ... I don't like the fact, that I use a variable for nothing ;)

Aurochs

Works as of PHP v5.4, illegal syntax in PHP <= v5.3 – Pedestal

Answer 1

I wouldn't bother about that extra variable, really. If you want, though, you could also remove it from memory after you've used it:

$variable = array('a','b','c');
echo $variable[$key];
unset($variable);

Or, you could write a small function:

function indexonce(&$ar, $index) {
  return $ar[$index];
}

and call this with:

$something = indexonce(array('a', 'b', 'c'), 2);

The array should be destroyed automatically now.

Kayceekaye

@onnodb, Strict Standards: Only variables should be passed by reference for your function indexonce. Why do you add the & reference? – Franglais

Answer 2

The technical answer is that the Grammar of the PHP language only allows subscript notation on the end of variable expressions and not expressions in general, which is how it works in most other languages. I've always viewed it as a deficiency in the language, because it is possible to have a grammar that resolves subscripts against any expression unambiguously. It could be the case, however, that they're using an inflexible parser generator or they simply don't want to break some sort of backwards compatibility.

Here are a couple more examples of invalid subscripts on valid expressions:

$x = array(1,2,3);
print ($x)[1]; //illegal, on a parenthetical expression, not a variable exp.

function ret($foo) { return $foo; }
echo ret($x)[1]; // illegal, on a call expression, not a variable exp.

Womanly

There was a change proposal at least for the second syntax, but it was rejected: wiki.php.net/rfc/functionarraydereferencing – Milden

Status is now changed to accepted wiki.php.net/rfc/functionarraydereferencing – Collate

This answer is no longer accurate. As of 5.5, PHP supports constant/array/string dereference wiki.php.net/rfc/constdereference – Yuonneyup

@John, Why did you say it'll "break some sort of backwards compatibility"? They did introduced it in 5.4 and so, what kind of backwards compatibility issues are there? – Franglais

Answer 3

This is called array dereferencing. It has been added in php 5.4. http://www.php.net/releases/NEWS_5_4_0_alpha1.txt

update[2012-11-25]: as of PHP 5.5, dereferencing has been added to contants/strings as well as arrays

Yuonneyup

Answer 4

This might not be directly related.. But I came to this post finding solution to this specific problem.

I got a result from a function in the following form.

Array
(
    [School] => Array
            (
                [parent_id] => 9ce8e78a-f4cc-ff64-8de0-4d9c1819a56a
            )
)

what i wanted was the parent_id value "9ce8e78a-f4cc-ff64-8de0-4d9c1819a56a". I used the function like this and got it.

array_pop( array_pop( the_function_which_returned_the_above_array() ) )

So, It was done in one line :) Hope It would be helpful to somebody.

Spry

This only works on the last value, and you will be removing the value from the original array. – Franglais

Answer 5

function doSomething()
{
    return $somearray;
}

echo doSomething()->get(1)->getOtherPropertyIfThisIsAnObject();

Gaskell

How could you do get(1) on an array? Fatal error: Call to a member function get() on a non-object in file.php on line 21 – Franglais

Answer 6

actually, there is an elegant solution:) The following will assign the 3rd element of the array returned by myfunc to $myvar:

$myvar = array_shift(array_splice(myfunc(),2));

Dragonhead

Answer 7

Or something like this, if you need the array value in a variable

$variable = array('a','b','c');
$variable = $variable[$key];

Equivalent

Answer 8

There are several oneliners you could come up with, using php array_* functions. But I assure you that doing so it is total redundant comparing what you want to achieve.

Example you can use something like following, but it is not an elegant solution and I'm not sure about the performance of this;

   array_pop ( array_filter( array_returning_func(), function($key){    return $key=="array_index_you_want"? TRUE:FALSE;    },ARRAY_FILTER_USE_KEY ) );

if you are using a php framework and you are stuck with an older version of php, most frameworks has helping libraries.

example: Codeigniter array helpers

Popper

Answer 9

though the fact that dereferencing has been added in PHP >=5.4 you could have done it in one line using ternary operator:

echo $var=($var=array(0,1,2,3))?$var[3]:false;

this way you don't keep the array only the variable. and you don't need extra functions to do it...If this line is used in a function it will automatically be destroyed at the end but you can also destroyed it yourself as said with unset later in the code if it is not used in a function.

Daddy