I've written code to deal with all platform-specific features. All functions are async-signal safe. Thought people might find this useful. Only tested on OS X right now, feel free to improve/fix.
// Async-signal safe way to get the current process's hard file descriptor limit.
static int
getFileDescriptorLimit() {
long long sysconfResult = sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX);
struct rlimit rl;
long long rlimitResult;
if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) == -1) {
rlimitResult = 0;
} else {
rlimitResult = (long long) rl.rlim_max;
}
long result;
if (sysconfResult > rlimitResult) {
result = sysconfResult;
} else {
result = rlimitResult;
}
if (result < 0) {
// Both calls returned errors.
result = 9999;
} else if (result < 2) {
// The calls reported broken values.
result = 2;
}
return result;
}
// Async-signal safe function to get the highest file
// descriptor that the process is currently using.
// See also https://mcmap.net/q/345943/-getting-the-highest-allocated-file-descriptor
static int
getHighestFileDescriptor() {
#if defined(F_MAXFD)
int ret;
do {
ret = fcntl(0, F_MAXFD);
} while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
if (ret == -1) {
ret = getFileDescriptorLimit();
}
return ret;
#else
int p[2], ret, flags;
pid_t pid = -1;
int result = -1;
/* Since opendir() may not be async signal safe and thus may lock up
* or crash, we use it in a child process which we kill if we notice
* that things are going wrong.
*/
// Make a pipe.
p[0] = p[1] = -1;
do {
ret = pipe(p);
} while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
if (ret == -1) {
goto done;
}
// Make the read side non-blocking.
do {
flags = fcntl(p[0], F_GETFL);
} while (flags == -1 && errno == EINTR);
if (flags == -1) {
goto done;
}
do {
fcntl(p[0], F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
} while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
if (ret == -1) {
goto done;
}
do {
pid = fork();
} while (pid == -1 && errno == EINTR);
if (pid == 0) {
// Don't close p[0] here or it might affect the result.
resetSignalHandlersAndMask();
struct sigaction action;
action.sa_handler = _exit;
action.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
sigemptyset(&action.sa_mask);
sigaction(SIGSEGV, &action, NULL);
sigaction(SIGPIPE, &action, NULL);
sigaction(SIGBUS, &action, NULL);
sigaction(SIGILL, &action, NULL);
sigaction(SIGFPE, &action, NULL);
sigaction(SIGABRT, &action, NULL);
DIR *dir = NULL;
#ifdef __APPLE__
/* /dev/fd can always be trusted on OS X. */
dir = opendir("/dev/fd");
#else
/* On FreeBSD and possibly other operating systems, /dev/fd only
* works if fdescfs is mounted. If it isn't mounted then /dev/fd
* still exists but always returns [0, 1, 2] and thus can't be
* trusted. If /dev and /dev/fd are on different filesystems
* then that probably means fdescfs is mounted.
*/
struct stat dirbuf1, dirbuf2;
if (stat("/dev", &dirbuf1) == -1
|| stat("/dev/fd", &dirbuf2) == -1) {
_exit(1);
}
if (dirbuf1.st_dev != dirbuf2.st_dev) {
dir = opendir("/dev/fd");
}
#endif
if (dir == NULL) {
dir = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
if (dir == NULL) {
_exit(1);
}
}
struct dirent *ent;
union {
int highest;
char data[sizeof(int)];
} u;
u.highest = -1;
while ((ent = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
if (ent->d_name[0] != '.') {
int number = atoi(ent->d_name);
if (number > u.highest) {
u.highest = number;
}
}
}
if (u.highest != -1) {
ssize_t ret, written = 0;
do {
ret = write(p[1], u.data + written, sizeof(int) - written);
if (ret == -1) {
_exit(1);
}
written += ret;
} while (written < (ssize_t) sizeof(int));
}
closedir(dir);
_exit(0);
} else if (pid == -1) {
goto done;
} else {
do {
ret = close(p[1]);
} while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
p[1] = -1;
union {
int highest;
char data[sizeof(int)];
} u;
ssize_t ret, bytesRead = 0;
struct pollfd pfd;
pfd.fd = p[0];
pfd.events = POLLIN;
do {
do {
// The child process must finish within 30 ms, otherwise
// we might as well query sysconf.
ret = poll(&pfd, 1, 30);
} while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
if (ret <= 0) {
goto done;
}
do {
ret = read(p[0], u.data + bytesRead, sizeof(int) - bytesRead);
} while (ret == -1 && ret == EINTR);
if (ret == -1) {
if (errno != EAGAIN) {
goto done;
}
} else if (ret == 0) {
goto done;
} else {
bytesRead += ret;
}
} while (bytesRead < (ssize_t) sizeof(int));
result = u.highest;
goto done;
}
done:
if (p[0] != -1) {
do {
ret = close(p[0]);
} while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
}
if (p[1] != -1) {
do {
close(p[1]);
} while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
}
if (pid != -1) {
do {
ret = kill(pid, SIGKILL);
} while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
do {
ret = waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
} while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
}
if (result == -1) {
result = getFileDescriptorLimit();
}
return result;
#endif
}
void
closeAllFileDescriptors(int lastToKeepOpen) {
#if defined(F_CLOSEM)
int ret;
do {
ret = fcntl(lastToKeepOpen + 1, F_CLOSEM);
} while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
if (ret != -1) {
return;
}
#elif defined(HAS_CLOSEFROM)
closefrom(lastToKeepOpen + 1);
return;
#endif
for (int i = getHighestFileDescriptor(); i > lastToKeepOpen; i--) {
int ret;
do {
ret = close(i);
} while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
}
}
exec-family functions. – Wolfhound