python NameError: name 'file' is not defined

Question

I dont know much about python. I want to start working on the project and the setup instruction says:

pip install -r requirements-dev.txt

Simple enougth. The problem is that I get this:

    Downloading/unpacking gunicorn==0.13.4 (from -r requirements.txt (line 7))
  Running setup.py egg_info for package gunicorn
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 16, in <module>
      File "/tmp/pip-build-root/gunicorn/setup.py", line 18, in <module>
        long_description = file(
    NameError: name 'file' is not defined
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<string>", line 16, in <module>

  File "/tmp/pip-build-root/gunicorn/setup.py", line 18, in <module>

    long_description = file(

NameError: name 'file' is not defined

I dont understand the problem. Maybe somebody can help out?

I run this on Arch Linux, python defaults to python 3 and the project is not python 3 but I'm not sure if that's it.

Eosinophil

Answer 1

file() is not supported in Python 3

Use open() instead; see Built-in Functions - open().

Durden

Answer 2

It seems that your project is written in Python < 3. This is because the file() builtin function is removed in Python 3. Try using Python 2to3 tool or edit the erroneous file yourself.

The project page clearly mentions that

Gunicorn requires Python 2.x >= 2.5. Python 3.x support is planned.

Tabshey

For someone who claims he's not familiar with Python I think it might be a bad idea to try to port Gunicorn to Python 3 :). It's just not going to work, using Python 2.7 is the better option here. – Pauperize

My bad! I missed those words... Sorry :( – Tabshey

do you know the exact fix which converts from file to open in 2to3? I was looking for it, but according to the documentation it seems that this part needs to be changed manually because it is not implemented :( – Multivibrator

Answer 3

file is not defined in Python3, which you are using apparently. The package you're instaling is not suitable for Python 3, instead, you should install Python 2.7 and try again.

See: http://docs.python.org/release/3.0/whatsnew/3.0.html#builtins

Pauperize

(if OP really uses Python 3.x) Gunicorn 0.13.4 requires Python 2.x >= 2.5. Source: "Installation" section at: pypi.python.org/pypi/gunicorn/0.13.4 – Sutlej

Answer 4

Search the function file() on your entire code, and replace it with open().

Insnare

Answer 5

To solve this error, it is enough to add from google.colab import files in your code!

Duplessismornay