Most of the solutions I've seen revolve around using the keytool and none of them matched my case.
Here is a very brief description: I've got a PKCS12 (.p12) which works fine in Postman with disabled certificate verification, however programmatically I always ended up getting server error "400 Bad Request" / "No required SSL certificate was sent".
The reason was a missing TLS extension SNI (Server Name Indication) and following is the solution.
Adding an extension/parameter to SSL Context
After SSLContext init, add the following:
SSLSocketFactory factory = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
try (SSLSocket socket = (SSLSocket) factory.createSocket(host, port)) {
SSLParameters sslParameters = socket.getSSLParameters();
sslParameters.setServerNames(Collections.singletonList(new SNIHostName(hostName)));
socket.setSSLParameters(sslParameters);
socket.startHandshake();
}
Full HTTP Client class for this case (NOT FOR PRODUCTION)
Note 1: SSLContextException and KeyStoreFactoryException simply extend RuntimeException.
Note 2: Certificate validations are disabled, this example was intended for dev use only.
Note 3: Disabling hostname verification was not required in my case, but I included it as a commented line
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.NoopHostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContexts;
import javax.net.ssl.*;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Objects;
public class SecureClientBuilder {
private String host;
private int port;
private boolean keyStoreProvided;
private String keyStorePath;
private String keyStorePassword;
public SecureClientBuilder withSocket(String host, int port) {
this.host = host;
this.port = port;
return this;
}
public SecureClientBuilder withKeystore(String keyStorePath, String keyStorePassword) {
this.keyStoreProvided = true;
this.keyStorePath = keyStorePath;
this.keyStorePassword = keyStorePassword;
return this;
}
public CloseableHttpClient build() {
SSLContext sslContext = keyStoreProvided
? getContextWithCertificate()
: SSLContexts.createDefault();
SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslSocketFactory =
new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext);
return HttpClients.custom()
.setSSLSocketFactory(sslSocketFactory)
//.setSSLHostnameVerifier(NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE)
.build();
}
private SSLContext getContextWithCertificate() {
try {
// Generate TLS context with specified KeyStore and
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
sslContext.init(getKeyManagerFactory().getKeyManagers(), new TrustManager[]{getTrustManager()}, new SecureRandom());
SSLSocketFactory factory = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
try (SSLSocket socket = (SSLSocket) factory.createSocket(host, port)) {
SSLParameters sslParameters = socket.getSSLParameters();
sslParameters.setServerNames(Collections.singletonList(new SNIHostName(host)));
socket.setSSLParameters(sslParameters);
socket.startHandshake();
}
return sslContext;
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | KeyManagementException | IOException e) {
throw new SSLContextException("Could not create an SSL context with specified keystore.\nError: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
private KeyManagerFactory getKeyManagerFactory() {
try (FileInputStream fileInputStream = getResourceFile(keyStorePath)) {
// Read specified keystore
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
keyStore.load(fileInputStream, keyStorePassword.toCharArray());
// Init keystore manager
KeyManagerFactory keyManagerFactory = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance("SunX509");
keyManagerFactory.init(keyStore, keyStorePassword.toCharArray());
return keyManagerFactory;
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | CertificateException | UnrecoverableKeyException | IOException | KeyStoreException e) {
throw new KeyStoreFactoryException("Could not read the specified keystore.\nError: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
// Bypasses error: "unable to find valid certification path to requested target"
private TrustManager getTrustManager() {
return new X509TrustManager() {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] arg0, String arg1) {
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] arg0, String arg1) {
}
@Override
public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return new X509Certificate[0];
}
};
}
private FileInputStream getResourceFile(String keyStorePath) throws FileNotFoundException {
URL resourcePath = getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(keyStorePath);
return new FileInputStream(resourcePath.getFile());
}
}
Using the client builder above
Note 1: keystore (.p12) is looked for in "resources" folder.
Note 2: Header "Host" is set to avoid server error "400 - Bad Request".
String hostname = "myHost";
int port = 443;
String keyStoreFile = "keystore.p12";
String keyStorePass = "somepassword";
String endpoint = String.format("https://%s:%d/endpoint", host, port);
CloseableHttpClient apacheClient = new SecureClientBuilder()
.withSocket(hostname, port)
.withKeystore(keyStoreFile, keyStorePass)
.build();
HttpGet get = new HttpGet(endpoint);
get.setHeader("Host", hostname + ":" + port);
CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = apacheClient.execute(get);
assert httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200;
Reference docs
https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/security/java-secure-socket-extension-jsse-reference-guide.html
CertificateRequestmessages. Other reasons for this can include no certificate signed by the issuers the server specified, or no certificates matching the ciphers the server specified. – Kerbela