CMake not linking Python

Question

Sorry if I'm duplicating a question, but I just cannot find the solution to what I'm looking for anywhere on the internet, yet I believe that this is a very simple problem.

I'm trying to extend python with some custom C++ libraries, and building my C++ libraries with CMake. I'm following the instructions on https://docs.python.org/2/extending/extending.html, but it's not compiling correctly.

When I try to build it, I get these messages:

"C:\Program Files (x86)\JetBrains\CLion 140.2310.6\bin\cmake\bin\cmake.exe" --build C:\Users\pkim2\.clion10\system\cmake\generated\76c451cd\76c451cd\Debug --target parsers -- -j 8
Linking CXX executable parsers.exe
CMakeFiles\parsers.dir/objects.a(main.cpp.obj): In function `spam_system':
C:/code/ground-trac/ground/launch/trunk/Software Support/Data Analysis Scripts/data_review_automation/parsers/main.cpp:9: undefined reference to `_imp__PyArg_ParseTuple'
C:/code/ground-trac/ground/launch/trunk/Software Support/Data Analysis Scripts/data_review_automation/parsers/main.cpp:12: undefined reference to `_imp__Py_BuildValue'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/../../../libmingw32.a(main.o):(.text.startup+0xa7): undefined reference to `WinMain@16'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
CMakeFiles\parsers.dir\build.make:87: recipe for target 'parsers.exe' failed
CMakeFiles\Makefile2:59: recipe for target 'CMakeFiles/parsers.dir/all' failed
CMakeFiles\Makefile2:71: recipe for target 'CMakeFiles/parsers.dir/rule' failed
mingw32-make.exe[3]: *** [parsers.exe] Error 1
mingw32-make.exe[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/parsers.dir/all] Error 2
mingw32-make.exe[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/parsers.dir/rule] Error 2
mingw32-make.exe: *** [parsers] Error 2
Makefile:109: recipe for target 'parsers' failed

Based on this, I suspect that this is a problem with the way I'm linking things in the CMakeLists.txt file, but I have no idea how to do it properly. This is what my CMakeLists.txt looks like right now:

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.4)
project(parsers)

set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++11")
set(SOURCE_FILES main.cpp)
include_directories(C:\\Python27\\include)
link_directories(C:\\Python27\\) 
target_link_libraries(python2.7)
add_executable(parsers ${SOURCE_FILES})

How in the world do I get this thing to compile correctly? I am running Windows 7 64-bit, and using CLion as my IDE.

Sharleensharlene

I typically just bang my head against the wall for a few hours then give up – Cornea

I want to do that, too :(... – Sharleensharlene

Answer 1

Your first problem is that you are using target_link_libraries wrong: you should pass it the target to which to add a link and then the library you want to link in:

target_link_libraries(parsers python2.7)

Your second problem is that you are building an executable, instead of a shared library. If you want to make your extension accessible from python it needs to be a library.

add_library(parsers SHARED ${SOURCE_FILES})

But now comes the good news: your life becomes much simpler (and more portable) if you use the built in CMake module FindPythonLibs.cmake. To build a python module you would only need to do the following:

set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++11")
find_package(PythonLibs REQUIRED)

add_library(parsers SHARED ${SOURCE_FILES})
include_directories(${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS})
target_link_libraries(parsers ${PYTHON_LIBRARIES})

Hautbois

Oh man, thanks so much. Now it's complaining Could NOT find PythonLibs(missing: PYTHON_LIBRARIES PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS) – Sharleensharlene

curious if the env vars, such as PYTHON_LIBRARIES and PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS have to be defined at the os level, such that if you do echo $PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS it returns something? – Plug

Answer 2

if you use windows, try this CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.8) project(CSample)

set( CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++11 -g -ftest-coverage -fprofile-arcs" )
link_directories(D:/Programs/mingw/mingw64/lib/)
include_directories(D:/Programs/Python/Python37/include/)
link_libraries(D:/Programs/Python/Python37/libs/python37.lib)


# Python
add_executable(CSample main.cpp)

Chukker

While this answer may work, it demonstrates old CMake syntax, where the target-specific variants of the link_* and include_directories() commands should now be preferred (see the docs). Also, it is not a good idea to manually manipulate the CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS variable, as there are more idiomatic ways to accomplish this in modern CMake. Also, as the other answer suggests, should the main target be a library (using add_library), not an executable? – Workout

Answer 3

You are using target_link_libraries() wrong. Check the docs; you probably want something like:

add_executable(parsers ${SOURCE_FILES})
target_link_libraries(parsers python2.7)

Note that the output from CMake should already tell you that something is wrong. On my machine:

CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:8 (target_link_libraries):
  Cannot specify link libraries for target "python2.7" which is not built by
  this project.

Kinshasa