Pandas assign group numbers for each time bin

Question

I have a pandas dataframe that looks like below.

Key     Name    Val1    Val2    Timestamp
101     A       10      1       01-10-2019 00:20:21
102     A       12      2       01-10-2019 00:20:21
103     B       10      1       01-10-2019 00:20:26
104     C       20      2       01-10-2019 14:40:45
105     B       21      3       02-10-2019 09:04:06
106     D       24      3       02-10-2019 09:04:12
107     A       24      3       02-10-2019 09:04:14
108     E       32      2       02-10-2019 09:04:20
109     A       10      1       02-10-2019 09:04:22
110     B       10      1       02-10-2019 10:40:49

Starting from the earliest timestamp, that is, '01-10-2019 00:20:21', I need to create time bins of 10 seconds each and assign same group number to all the rows having timestamp fitting in a time bin. The output should look as below.

Key     Name    Val1    Val2    Timestamp               Group
101     A       10      1       01-10-2019 00:20:21     1
102     A       12      2       01-10-2019 00:20:21     1
103     B       10      1       01-10-2019 00:20:26     1
104     C       20      2       01-10-2019 14:40:45     2
105     B       21      3       02-10-2019 09:04:06     3
106     D       24      3       02-10-2019 09:04:12     4
107     A       24      3       02-10-2019 09:04:14     4
108     E       32      2       02-10-2019 09:04:20     4
109     A       10      1       02-10-2019 09:04:22     5
110     B       10      1       02-10-2019 10:40:49     6

First time bin: '01-10-2019 00:20:21' to '01-10-2019 00:20:30', Next time bin: '01-10-2019 00:20:31' to '01-10-2019 00:20:40', Next time bin: '01-10-2019 00:20:41' to '01-10-2019 00:20:50', Next time bin: '01-10-2019 00:20:51' to '01-10-2019 00:21:00', Next time bin: '01-10-2019 00:21:01' to '01-10-2019 00:21:10' and so on.. Based on these time bins, 'Group' is assigned for each row. It is not mandatory to have consecutive group numbers(If a time bin is not present, it's ok to skip that group number).

I have generated this using for loop, but it takes lot of time if data is spread across months. Please let me know if this can be done as a pandas operation using a single line of code. Thanks.

Selfmoving

A pandas.DataFrame has a cut() function used for binning. Give this a try. – Ugric

@S3DEV, Thanks. This function does what I need, but it took more time than for loop. – Selfmoving

Answer 1

Here is an example without loop. The main approach is round up seconds to specific ranges and use ngroup().

02-10-2019 09:04:12 -> 02-10-2019 09:04:11
02-10-2019 09:04:14 -> 02-10-2019 09:04:11
02-10-2019 09:04:20 -> 02-10-2019 09:04:11
02-10-2019 09:04:21 -> 02-10-2019 09:04:21
02-10-2019 09:04:25 -> 02-10-2019 09:04:21
...

I use a new temporary column to find some specific range.

df = pd.DataFrame.from_dict({
    'Name': ('A', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'B', 'D', 'A', 'E', 'A', 'B'),
    'Val1': (1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 1, 1),
    'Timestamp': (
        '2019-01-10 00:20:21',
        '2019-01-10 00:20:21',
        '2019-01-10 00:20:26',
        '2019-01-10 14:40:45',
        '2019-02-10 09:04:06',
        '2019-02-10 09:04:12',
        '2019-02-10 09:04:14',
        '2019-02-10 09:04:20',
        '2019-02-10 09:04:22',
        '2019-02-10 10:40:49',
    )
})
# convert str to Timestamp
df['Timestamp'] = pd.to_datetime(df['Timestamp'])

# your specific ranges. customize if you need
def sec_to_group(x):
    if 0 <= x.second <= 10:
        x = x.replace(second=0)
    elif 11 <= x.second <= 20:
        x = x.replace(second=11)
    elif 21 <= x.second <= 30:
        x = x.replace(second=21)
    elif 31 <= x.second <= 40:
        x = x.replace(second=31)
    elif 41 <= x.second <= 50:
        x = x.replace(second=41)
    elif 51 <= x.second <= 59:
        x = x.replace(second=51)
    return x


# new column formated_dt(temporary) with formatted seconds
df['formated_dt'] = df['Timestamp'].apply(sec_to_group)
# group by new column + ngroup() and drop
df['Group'] = df.groupby('formated_dt').ngroup()
df.drop(columns=['formated_dt'], inplace=True)
print(df)

Output:

#  Name  Val1           Timestamp  Group
# 0    A     1 2019-01-10 00:20:21      0  <- ngroup() calculates from 0
# 1    A     2 2019-01-10 00:20:21      0
# 2    B     1 2019-01-10 00:20:26      0
# 3    C     2 2019-01-10 14:40:45      1
# 4    B     3 2019-02-10 09:04:06      2
# ....

Also you can try to use TimeGrouper or resample.

Hope this helps.

Prostitute