Quick answer
#include <endian.h> // __BYTE_ORDER __LITTLE_ENDIAN
#include <byteswap.h> // bswap_64()
uint64_t value = 0x1122334455667788;
#if __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN
value = bswap_64(value); // Compiler builtin GCC/Clang
#endif
Header file
As reported by zhaorufei (see her/his comment) endian.h is not C++ standard header and the macros __BYTE_ORDER and __LITTLE_ENDIAN may be undefined. Therefore the #if statement is not predictable because undefined macro are treated as 0.
Please edit this answer if you want to share your C++ elegant trick to detect endianness.
Portability
Moreover the macro bswap_64() is available for GCC and Clang compilers but not for Visual C++ compiler. To provide a portable source code, you may be inspired by the following snippet:
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <stdlib.h>
#define bswap_16(x) _byteswap_ushort(x)
#define bswap_32(x) _byteswap_ulong(x)
#define bswap_64(x) _byteswap_uint64(x)
#else
#include <byteswap.h> // bswap_16 bswap_32 bswap_64
#endif
See also a more portable source code: Cross-platform _byteswap_uint64
C++14 constexpr template function
Generic hton() for 16 bits, 32 bits, 64 bits and more...
#include <endian.h> // __BYTE_ORDER __LITTLE_ENDIAN
#include <algorithm> // std::reverse()
template <typename T>
constexpr T htonT (T value) noexcept
{
#if __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN
char* ptr = reinterpret_cast<char*>(&value);
std::reverse(ptr, ptr + sizeof(T));
#endif
return value;
}
C++11 constexpr template function
- C++11 does not permit local variable in
constexpr function.
Therefore the trick is to use an argument with default value.
- Moreover the C++11
constexpr function must contain one single expression.
Therefore the body is composed of one return having some comma-separated statements.
template <typename T>
constexpr T htonT (T value, char* ptr=0) noexcept
{
return
#if __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN
ptr = reinterpret_cast<char*>(&value),
std::reverse(ptr, ptr + sizeof(T)),
#endif
value;
}
No compilation warning on both clang-3.5 and GCC-4.9 using -Wall -Wextra -pedantic
(see compilation and run output on coliru).
C++11 constexpr template SFINAE functions
However the above version does not allow to create constexpr variable as:
constexpr int32_t hton_six = htonT( int32_t(6) );
Finally we need to separate (specialize) the functions depending on 16/32/64 bits.
But we can still keep generic functions.
(see the full snippet on coliru)
The below C++11 snippet use the traits std::enable_if to exploit Substitution Failure Is Not An Error (SFINAE).
template <typename T>
constexpr typename std::enable_if<sizeof(T) == 2, T>::type
htonT (T value) noexcept
{
return ((value & 0x00FF) << 8)
| ((value & 0xFF00) >> 8);
}
template <typename T>
constexpr typename std::enable_if<sizeof(T) == 4, T>::type
htonT (T value) noexcept
{
return ((value & 0x000000FF) << 24)
| ((value & 0x0000FF00) << 8)
| ((value & 0x00FF0000) >> 8)
| ((value & 0xFF000000) >> 24);
}
template <typename T>
constexpr typename std::enable_if<sizeof(T) == 8, T>::type
htonT (T value) noexcept
{
return ((value & 0xFF00000000000000ull) >> 56)
| ((value & 0x00FF000000000000ull) >> 40)
| ((value & 0x0000FF0000000000ull) >> 24)
| ((value & 0x000000FF00000000ull) >> 8)
| ((value & 0x00000000FF000000ull) << 8)
| ((value & 0x0000000000FF0000ull) << 24)
| ((value & 0x000000000000FF00ull) << 40)
| ((value & 0x00000000000000FFull) << 56);
}
Or an even-shorter version based on built-in compiler macros and C++14 syntax std::enable_if_t<xxx> as a shortcut for std::enable_if<xxx>::type:
template <typename T>
constexpr typename std::enable_if_t<sizeof(T) == 2, T>
htonT (T value) noexcept
{
return bswap_16(value); // __bswap_constant_16
}
template <typename T>
constexpr typename std::enable_if_t<sizeof(T) == 4, T>
htonT (T value) noexcept
{
return bswap_32(value); // __bswap_constant_32
}
template <typename T>
constexpr typename std::enable_if_t<sizeof(T) == 8, T>
htonT (T value) noexcept
{
return bswap_64(value); // __bswap_constant_64
}
Test code of the first version
std::uint8_t uc = 'B'; std::cout <<std::setw(16)<< uc <<'\n';
uc = htonT( uc ); std::cout <<std::setw(16)<< uc <<'\n';
std::uint16_t us = 0x1122; std::cout <<std::setw(16)<< us <<'\n';
us = htonT( us ); std::cout <<std::setw(16)<< us <<'\n';
std::uint32_t ul = 0x11223344; std::cout <<std::setw(16)<< ul <<'\n';
ul = htonT( ul ); std::cout <<std::setw(16)<< ul <<'\n';
std::uint64_t uL = 0x1122334455667788; std::cout <<std::setw(16)<< uL <<'\n';
uL = htonT( uL ); std::cout <<std::setw(16)<< uL <<'\n';
Test code of the second version
constexpr uint8_t a1 = 'B'; std::cout<<std::setw(16)<<a1<<'\n';
constexpr auto b1 = htonT(a1); std::cout<<std::setw(16)<<b1<<'\n';
constexpr uint16_t a2 = 0x1122; std::cout<<std::setw(16)<<a2<<'\n';
constexpr auto b2 = htonT(a2); std::cout<<std::setw(16)<<b2<<'\n';
constexpr uint32_t a4 = 0x11223344; std::cout<<std::setw(16)<<a4<<'\n';
constexpr auto b4 = htonT(a4); std::cout<<std::setw(16)<<b4<<'\n';
constexpr uint64_t a8 = 0x1122334455667788;std::cout<<std::setw(16)<<a8<<'\n';
constexpr auto b8 = htonT(a8); std::cout<<std::setw(16)<<b8<<'\n';
Output
B
B
1122
2211
11223344
44332211
1122334455667788
8877665544332211
Code generation
The online C++ compiler gcc.godbolt.org indicate the generated code.
g++-4.9.2 -std=c++14 -O3
std::enable_if<(sizeof (unsigned char))==(1), unsigned char>::type htonT<unsigned char>(unsigned char):
movl %edi, %eax
ret
std::enable_if<(sizeof (unsigned short))==(2), unsigned short>::type htonT<unsigned short>(unsigned short):
movl %edi, %eax
rolw $8, %ax
ret
std::enable_if<(sizeof (unsigned int))==(4), unsigned int>::type htonT<unsigned int>(unsigned int):
movl %edi, %eax
bswap %eax
ret
std::enable_if<(sizeof (unsigned long))==(8), unsigned long>::type htonT<unsigned long>(unsigned long):
movq %rdi, %rax
bswap %rax
ret
clang++-3.5.1 -std=c++14 -O3
std::enable_if<(sizeof (unsigned char))==(1), unsigned char>::type htonT<unsigned char>(unsigned char): # @std::enable_if<(sizeof (unsigned char))==(1), unsigned char>::type htonT<unsigned char>(unsigned char)
movl %edi, %eax
retq
std::enable_if<(sizeof (unsigned short))==(2), unsigned short>::type htonT<unsigned short>(unsigned short): # @std::enable_if<(sizeof (unsigned short))==(2), unsigned short>::type htonT<unsigned short>(unsigned short)
rolw $8, %di
movzwl %di, %eax
retq
std::enable_if<(sizeof (unsigned int))==(4), unsigned int>::type htonT<unsigned int>(unsigned int): # @std::enable_if<(sizeof (unsigned int))==(4), unsigned int>::type htonT<unsigned int>(unsigned int)
bswapl %edi
movl %edi, %eax
retq
std::enable_if<(sizeof (unsigned long))==(8), unsigned long>::type htonT<unsigned long>(unsigned long): # @std::enable_if<(sizeof (unsigned long))==(8), unsigned long>::type htonT<unsigned long>(unsigned long)
bswapq %rdi
movq %rdi, %rax
retq
Note: my original answer was not C++11-constexpr compliant.
This answer is in Public Domain CC0 1.0 Universal
