qemu-system-arm -M virt -cpu cortex-a15
This setup worked just fine:
qemu-system-arm \
-M virt \
-append 'root=/dev/vda' \
-cpu cortex-a15 \
-drive file='rootfs.ext2.qcow2,if=virtio,format=qcow2' \
-kernel zImage \
-nographic \
-smp '2'
Then:
cat /proc/cpuinfo
gives:
processor : 0
model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 1 (v7l)
BogoMIPS : 125.00
Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant : 0x2
CPU part : 0xc0f
CPU revision : 1
processor : 1
model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 1 (v7l)
BogoMIPS : 125.00
Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant : 0x2
CPU part : 0xc0f
CPU revision : 1
I also bet it would work with -M vexpress-a15 -cpu cortex-a15
but I didn't test that. If you want to try it out, just copy exactly what Buildroot says, and it will work as usual.
Tested in QEMU 2.11.0, Linux v2.16, with this setup.