Why doesn't `static_pointer_cast` work with ADL, but requires explicit `std::`?

Question

Consider

// https://godbolt.org/z/z5M9b9jzx
#include <memory>
#include <cassert>

struct B {};
struct D : B {};

int main() {
    std::shared_ptr<B> b = std::make_shared<D>();
    auto d = static_pointer_cast<D>(b);
    assert(d);
}

I'd've expected the unqualified call to static_pointer_cast to resolve to std::static_pointer_cast, because b, being a std::shared_ptr, should bring namespace std in using ADL.

Why doesn't it? I need to write std::shared_pointer_cast explicitly to make it work.

Actually

Until C++20, ADL works only with function call syntax, specifying a template argument explicitly, <D>, breaks ADL unless a compiler already knows that it's a template. – Lamberto

Consider the POV of the compiler: all it sees is identifier < which looks awfully like the beginning x < 2. So it's grammatically difficult unlike identifier (args) which can only be a function call or an operator()(args) call if identifier designates an object or a "functional cast"/construction of a temporary [both are essentially the same concept through different syntactic constructs: std::string("") is a cast (explicit type conversion) but std::string() is not] if identifier designates a type. – Hydropic

Answer 1

https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/adl

Although a function call can be resolved through ADL even if ordinary lookup finds nothing, a function call to a function template with explicitly-specified template arguments requires that there is a declaration of the template found by ordinary lookup (otherwise, it is a syntax error to encounter an unknown name followed by a less-than character) (until C++20)

In C++20 mode your code compiles fine, demo: https://gcc.godbolt.org/z/b13q4hs68

Bendwise