In my eyes permanent polling is never a good solution. I would advice you to use Push, so your server notifies the app as soon as there is new content available. It saves a lot of battery on your device, because it is only woken up if there really is an update. The Push Notification Services are built for exactly this purpose.
Have a look at the excellent Push Plugin
for Phonegap, which works for iOS, Android and even more platforms. For setting up the Push Plugin
for iOS and Android you can read Holly Schinsky's tutorial here.
In Ray Wenderlich's tutorial here you find information about how you could implement the server side described in great detail.
If you really want to stick with polling, I know there is the possibility to do so on iOS (see this article about Background Fetch
), not sure about Android (I guess you would need to implement a Service there). However, I never found a Phonegap plugin which handles background execution for both platforms accordingly.