This question was asked before iOS 6. I'd like to post an updated answer for those who would like a way to do this.
This can be done now with iOS 6 and later by using an NSAttributedString. UITextView now accepts an attributed string as one of its properties. You can do all sorts of text manipulation with attributed strings, including line spacing. You can set the min and max line heights for the paragraph style attribute of the string.
Check out the NSAttributedString Class Reference for more information.
Here's a sample of what you could do:
NSMutableParagraphStyle *paragraph = [[NSMutableParagraphStyle alloc] init];
paragraph.minimumLineHeight = 21.0f;
paragraph.maximumLineHeight = 21.0f;
NSAttributedString *attributedString = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"Test text line 1\nTest text line 2\nTest text line 3" attributes:@{NSParagraphStyleAttributeName: paragraph}];
textView.attributedText = attributedString;