I'm just sharing this in case anyone else runs across the same problem. In updating my Azure references in response of the GuestOS forced updates on 12/09/2013 (that disabled our production cloud)
If you're diagnosing why the web-role didn't start for emulating your azure cloud locally, you can check the event viewer, and under Windows Logs -> Application, look for an IIS Express error... I was getting this:
The worker process for application pool '5665782e-ae77-4547-8cc2-3a7b3357602d' encountered an error 'Cannot read configuration file ' trying to read global module configuration data from file '\?\C:\Users\Mark\AppData\Local\dftmp\Resources\633952fb-10b8-4b96-b732-ad19eb835438\temp\temp\RoleTemp\applicationHost.config', line number '0'. Worker process startup aborted.
Turned out, that after updating the azure references using the NuGet package manager, there was duplicated entries for membership provider, role provider, and sessionstate. We aren't using defaults for those attributes, so that may be the cause of the problem...
But none the less, check your web.config for duplicate attributes. That is one potential cause of your web-role not stating.