difference between interface and abstract contract in solidity

Question

I am learning solidity and got to know that interface and abstract are both classes that may contain unused functions. My doubt is: What is the difference between interface and abstract contract in a solidity smart contract?

Dodeca

Answer 1

It's the same as in most other object-oriented programming languages:

• Interface only declares functions. Cannot implement them.
• Abstract class can declare functions (same as interface) as well as implement them.
• Both cannot be instantiated and need to be implemented/inherited from.

Example:

interface IMyContract {
    // can declare, cannot implement
    function foo() external returns (bool);
}

abstract contract MyContract {
    // can declare
    function foo() virtual external returns (bool);

    // can implement
    function hello() external pure returns (uint8) {
        return 1;
    }
}

Charil

Answer 2

Extensibility is key when building larger, more complex distributed applications. Solidity offers two ways to facilitate this:

Abstract Contract

Contracts are identified as abstract contracts if at least one of their functions lacks an implementation. This is the only requirement for abstract class. As a result, they cannot be compiled. They can however be used as base contracts from which other contracts can inherit from.

• Unlike other languages, Solidity contracts do not need an abstract keyword to be marked as abstract. Rather, any contract that has at least one unimplemented function is treated as abstract in Solidity. An abstract contract can be neither compiled nor deployed unless it has an implementing contract

  contract MyAbstractContract {
    function myAbstractFunction() public pure returns (string);
  }
  

• if a contract inherits an abstract contract and does not implement all the unimplemented functions, then that contract will be considered abstract as well

   //MyContract is also abstract
    contract MyContract is MyAbstractContract {
        function myAbstractFunction() public pure returns (string)
   }
  

But this is not abstract because we are implementing the function.

contract MyContract is MyAbstractContract {
        function myAbstractFunction() public pure returns (string)
         { return "string value to return"; }
    }

• An abstract contract can have both implemented and unimplemented functions.

Interfaces

interfaces can have only unimplemented functions. Also, they are neither compiled nor deployed. They are also called pure abstract contracts.

• Interfaces cannot implement any of their functions. All interface functions are implicitly virtual
• Interfaces are defined with the keyword Interface.
• Interfaces cannot inherit other contracts or interfaces (after solidity 6.0.0 interfaces can inherit from interfaces) but other contracts can inherit from interfaces.
• Interfaces cannot define a constructor
• Functions of an interface can be only of type external.
• Interfaces cannot have state variables
• As of now Interfaces cannot define structs and enums but might change soon.

Nauseating