This is what ASP.NET documentation says about resources files.
It does not talk specifically about codebehind designer files generated on the fly but if you read the bolded text carefully, it is essentially saying that you need the base file without language specified and, given that, it makes sense that only this file will include autogenerated code.
"When you create resource files, you start by creating a base .resx file. For each language that you want to support, create a new file that has the same file name. But in the name, include the language or the language and culture (culture name). For a list of culture names, see the CultureInfo class. For example, you might create the following files:
•WebResources.resx
The base resource file. This is the default (fallback) resource file.
•WebResources.es.resx
A resource file for Spanish.
•WebResources.es-mx.resx
A resource file for Spanish (Mexico) specifically.
•WebResources.de.resx
A resource file for German."
I actually have never noticed this before but when I went to check my old projects, I saw they all have the base file and then language specific ones. So I just corrected it to follow that convention and it works now.