java.net.UnknownServiceException: CLEARTEXT communication to t.main.wedeep.com.cn not permitted by network security policy

Question

I got above error when i use mockhttpserver to test http request, the following code is how i create service.

   fun <T> getService(clazz: Class<T>): T {
        val client = OkHttpClient.Builder().addInterceptor(HeaderInterceptor()).addInterceptor(HttpLoggingInterceptor().apply { level = if (BuildConfig.DEBUG) HttpLoggingInterceptor.Level.BODY else HttpLoggingInterceptor.Level.NONE })
                .build()
        return Retrofit.Builder()
                .baseUrl(mockWebServer.url(""))
                .client(client)
                .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create(GSON))
                .build()
                .create(clazz)
    }

This is my Test code.

@UninstallModules(HomePageDataModule::class)
@HiltAndroidTest
class TestHomePageViewModel {


    private lateinit var viewModel: HomePageViewModel

    @get:Rule
    var hiltRule = HiltAndroidRule(this)

    @Inject
    lateinit var cpd: CompositionDao

    @Inject
    lateinit var csd: CompositionsDao

    @Inject
    lateinit var hpds: HomePageDataSource

    @Inject
    lateinit var ss :HomePageService

    @Before
    fun init() {
        hiltRule.inject()
        viewModel = HomePageViewModel(HomeCompositionsRepository(cpd, csd, hpds, Util.GSON))

    }





    @Test
    fun testObserveHomeData() {

        val data = Util.getFileString("mainpage.json")
        val rr  = GSON.fromJson(data,Array<HomePreviewView>::class.java)
        println(rr)
        enqueueResponse("mainpage.json")
        runBlocking {
            val result = ss.getHomeData()
            Assert.assertNotEquals(rr.size,result.body()!!.size)
        }
}

Everything works smoothly on my app except running my unit test code. There is a similar problem , but my issue has a little difference compare to that one. Plenty of ways from that similar question i have tried, but not work.

PS: If the test code run on Junit4Test but not AndroidJunit4Test, it works properly. But now i need to exectue a integrate test. So this part of code need to be executed on AndroidJunit4Test

Esophagus

Make sure your host is secure for your application or you can just add this line of code inside your manifest file. android:usesCleartextTraffic="true" – Corporator

@AslamHossin I have no idea why it does not work for me when i execute above unit test code. – Esophagus

#53985225 – Intensive

Does this answer your question? Android 8: Cleartext HTTP traffic not permitted – Consumerism

@Esophagus When the attribute is set to "false", platform components (for example, HTTP and FTP stacks, DownloadManager, and MediaPlayer) will refuse the app's requests to use cleartext traffic. Third-party libraries are strongly encouraged to honor this setting as well. The key reason for avoiding cleartext traffic is the lack of confidentiality, authenticity, and protections against tampering; a network attacker can eavesdrop on transmitted data and also modify it without being detected. More developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/… – Corporator

You can also use mockWebServer.useTls and client.insecureHost to use SSL for the test connections. – Anesthesiology

Answer 1

Solution 1)

Add the following attribute to the <application tag in AndroidManifest.xml:

android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"

Solution 2)

Add android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config" to the <application tag in app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml:

<application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">

With a corresponding network_security_config.xml in app/src/main/res/xml/:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
    <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true" />
</network-security-config>

Intensive

Post the error , also shared other details like device , sdk etc – Intensive

I don't know why but just solution2 worked for me in api 30 – Osana

Answer 2

In my case, I added this to the android manifest file:

android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"

Waterlogged