I use the sensiolabs-de/deprecation-detector first to find a lot of them but you never cover them all with that tool.
After that, you can go trough the .md files in your Symfony project, they are located at
- vendor/symfony/symfony/UPGRADE-3.0.md
- vendor/symfony/symfony/UPGRADE-3.1.md
- vendor/symfony/symfony/UPGRADE-3.2.md
- vendor/symfony/symfony/UPGRADE-3.3.md
- vendor/symfony/symfony/UPGRADE-3.4.md
- vendor/symfony/symfony/UPGRADE-4.0.md
Or you can read them online https://github.com/symfony/symfony/tree/3.4
Start with the first one (3.0). Take your time and read carefully.
Make use of a good tool to search your Symfony project (PHPStorm, Netbeans, Sublime, ...)
Everything should be in there, good luck!
When you have a good IDE (like PHPStorm) you can use its code inspection tool. I just inspected the src code of a legacy project in PHPStorm and got this as result:
So still a lot of work to do ;)