Provisioning profile does the following:
- ties your app id to your distribution certificate and optionally a list of devices
- also enforces that the binary matches entitlements like key-chain access group
The difference between adhoc and appstore profiles for the same app:
- the adhoc one includes a list of devices that can install .... adhoc
The certificate, app id and entitlements are EXACTLY the same
Binary:
- Your provisioning profile is embedded into the binary produced from Organizer archive. I have in the past submitted adhoc builds with no issues. And I just done another one yesterday to put my money where my mouth is. Will let you know if it passes the review process.
I'm not advocating to be lazy and just use one profile. Organizer archive does give you the option to re-sign with a specific profile so you have no excuses. And Apple may (or already have) introduce other information in the profiles in future so not worth the risk unless you curious like me.