Where in the python source code is math.exp() defined?

Question

I want to known how to implement the math.exp() function in python. Where in the Python source code is math.exp() defined?

Televise

@PaulC: you're too helpful ! You're just encouraging people to get SOers to use a search engine on their behalf. – Thorp

@PaulC Tks. I had search on google before ask this question. I could not find the math.exp() function source code. so... – Televise

This one is actually hard to find, but it would have helped if you showed where you looked an failed to find it. It's defined in C; the entry for the Python structure is in the mathmodule.c file. – Skerry

@PaulC: Right, now tell me where in the Python source math.exp is defined. At what line number? What file? – Skerry

A macro defines exp as an application of the C exp function wrapped by the mathmodule.c-defined math_1 function. The implementation of the C function depends on your platform libraries. – Skerry

@MartijnPieters Looks like I just learnt something also. Tnx. I had not considered platform issues. Voted to reopen. – Oxendine

@MartijnPieters Thanks very much. You let me deeply understand this. – Televise

@MartijnPieters: why did you provide an answer in the comments section? The information you provided is a perfectly acceptable answer. – Splenetic

@BryanOakley: because the question was closed until I edited it and voted to reopen. I was typing up an expanded version of my comments when it was reopened when neoneo jumped in with his. – Skerry

Answer 1

This one is a little tricky.

The math module is implemented in a C module, mathmodule.c. At the end of that file there is a specific Python library structure that defines exp as implemented by math_exp:

static PyMethodDef math_methods[] = {
    # ...
    {"exp",             math_exp,       METH_O,         math_exp_doc},

but math_exp itself is actually defined via the FUNC1 macro, using the math_1 wrapper function to call the C library exp function with some error handling and type conversion:

FUNC1(exp, exp, 1,
     "exp(x)\n\nReturn e raised to the power of x.")

However, the C function implementation itself is entirely platform dependent, and on modern hardware is usually taken care of in hardware. You would have to turn to a software version of the function to find a starting point to implement this in Python.

You could use the fdlibm implementation as such a starting point, perhaps, here is a link to the exp function implementation in C from that library:

• http://www.netlib.org/fdlibm/e_exp.c

or you could refer to this implementation instead:

• http://fossies.org/dox/glibc-2.17/sysdeps_2ieee754_2ldbl-128ibm_2e__expl_8c_source.html#l00135

Skerry

Most hardware (x86 for example) doesn't do exp in hardware as a single instruction. Some legacy 32-bit x86 math libraries might have used x87 instructions for it, but even that's just microcoded, not truly dedicated hardware. Normally you stuff the integer part of the exponent into the exponent field of a float, and use a polynomial approximation to exp over the fractional part. – Harelda