There's actually nothing built into Chef for doing extracting a tar file. You have two options, either you can use the execute resource to shell out and untar or use some community cookbook like the tar cookbook that have custom resources defined for extracting tars.
In the execute
resource example it might look something like
execute 'extract_some_tar' do
command 'tar xzvf somefile.tar.gz'
cwd '/directory/of/tar/here'
not_if { File.exists?("/file/contained/in/tar/here") }
end
Whereas the third party tar cookbook definitely reads nicer
tar_package 'http://pgfoundry.org/frs/download.php/1446/pgpool-3.4.1.tar.gz' do
prefix '/usr/local'
creates '/usr/local/bin/pgpool'
end