What is the difference between outline and border CSS properties?

Question

What is the difference between border and outline properties in CSS?

If there is no difference, then why are there two properties for the same thing?

Offenbach

Answer 1

From: http://webdesign.about.com/od/advancedcss/a/outline_style.htm

The CSS outline property is a confusing property. When you first learn about it, it's hard to understand how it is even remotely different from the border property. The W3C explains it as having the following differences:

1. Outlines do not take up space.

2. Outlines may be non-rectangular.

Lettyletup

@Manu it seems outline is drawn inside the element, whereas borders appear outside of it. – Lambdacism

Answer 2

In addition to some other answers... here are a few more differences I can think of:

1) Rounded corners

border supports rounded corners with the border-radius property. outline doesn't.

div {
  width: 150px;
  height: 150px;
  margin: 20px;
  display: inline-block;
  position: relative;
}

.border {
  border-radius: 75px;
  border: 2px solid green;
}

.outline {
  outline: 2px solid red;
  border-radius: 75px;
  -moz-outline-radius: 75px;
  outline-radius: 75px;
}

.border:after {
content: "border supports rounded corners";
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
transform: translateY(100%);

}
.outline:after {
content: "outline doesn't support rounded corners";
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
transform: translateY(100%);
}

<div class="border"></div>

<div class="outline"></div>

FIDDLE

(NB: Although firefox has the -moz-outline-radius property which allows rounded corners on outline... this property it is not defined in any CSS standard, and is not supported by other browsers (source))

2) Styling one side only

border has properties to style each side with border-top:, border-left: etc.

outline can't do this. There's no outline-top: etc. It's all or nothing. (see this SO post)

3) offset

outline supports offset with the property outline-offset. border doesn't.

.outline {
  margin: 100px;
  width: 150px;
  height: 150px;
  outline-offset: 20px;
  outline: 2px solid red;
  border: 2px solid green;
  background: pink;
}

<div class="outline"></div>

FIDDLE

Note: All major browsers support outline-offset except Internet Explorer

Ulphiah

Yeah I see what you're saying, I tried to change the border radius of my button but now my outline on focus does not wrap around the button nicely. – Marquesan

@Danield, while technically everythying you say is right, the spirit of the question was different. Why outline when we already have border. And the answer is outline falls outside of box model. – Rede

@user247077 - I disagree. To the OP both outline and border seem to be the same. So he wants to know as many differences as possible between them. Some of the other differences were already posted in other answers, so I decided to add others that weren't yet listed. – Ulphiah

Does this mean outlines are faster to render than borders? – Badajoz

From firefox 88 and chrome 94, outline respects border-radius caniuse.com/mdn-css_properties_outline – Peele

Answer 3

Further to other answers, outlines are usually used for debugging. Opera has some nice user CSS styles that use the outline property to show you where all the elements are in a document.

If you're trying to find out why an element isn't appearing where you expected or at the size you expected, add a few outlines and see where the elements are.

As already mentioned, outlines do not take up space. When you add a border, the element's total width/height in the document increases, but that doesn't happen with outline. Also you can't set outlines on specific sides like borders; it's all or nothing.

Feculent

So it is mainly for debugging purposes? – Staircase

Answer 4

tldr;

The W3C explains it as having the following differences:

• Outlines do not take up space.
• Outlines may be non-rectangular.

Source

Outline should be used for accessibility

It should also be noted that outline's primary purpose is accessibility. Setting it to outline: none should be avoided.

If you must remove it it maybe a better idea to provide alternative styling:

I’ve seen quite a few tips on how to remove the focus indicator by using outline:none or outline:0. Please do not do this, unless you replace the outline with something else that makes it easy to see which element has keyboard focus. Removing the visual indicator of keyboard focus will give people who rely on keyboard navigation a really hard time navigating and using your site.

Source: "Do Not Remove the Outline from Link and Form Controls", 365 Berea Street

---

More Resources

• http://outlinenone.com/

Propagandism

Answer 5

A practical use of outline deals with transparency. If you have a parent element with a background, but want a child element's border to be transparent so that the parent's background will show through, you must use "outline" rather than "border." While a border can be transparent, it will show the child's background, not the parent's.

In other words, this setting created the following effect:

outline: 7px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);

Halting

Not the whole story, border can also have the same effect if you add background-clip: padding-box; to your styling.. :) – Ibanez

Answer 6

Border is created inside the element, where as outline is created outside the element. So border is computed along with the width and height of the element, while outline draws outside the element.

Lachellelaches

Answer 7

From W3 School Site

The CSS border properties allow you to specify the style and color of an element's border.

An outline is a line that is drawn around elements (outside the borders) to make the element "stand out".

The outline shorthand property sets all the outline properties in one declaration.

The properties that can be set, are (in order): outline-color, outline-style, outline-width.

If one of the values above are missing, e.g. "outline:solid #ff0000;", the default value for the missing property will be inserted, if any.

Check here for more information : http://webdesign.about.com/od/advancedcss/a/outline_style.htm

Dulse

Answer 8

A little bit of an old question, but worth mentioning a Firefox rendering bug (still present as of Jan '13) where the outline will render on the outside of all child elements even if they overflow their parent (through negative margins, box-shadows, etc.)

You can fix this with:

.container {
    position: relative;
}
.container:before {
   content: '';
   margin: 0;
   padding: 0;
   position: absolute;
   top: 0;
   left: 0;
   width: 100%;
   height: 100%;
   outline: 1px solid #ff0000;
}

Super unfortunate that it's still not fixed. I much prefer outlines in many cases since they do not add to the dimensions of an element, saving you from always having to consider border widths when setting dimensions of an element.

After all, which is simpler?

.container {
    width: 960px;
    height: 300px;
    outline: 3px solid black;
}

Or:

.container {
    width: 954px;
    height: 294px;
    border: 3px solid black;
}

Caparison

If you haven't done so yet, give box-sizing a try! link – Nannettenanni

The examples at the bottom of this answer doesn't give identical results. The first gives a box of 960*300 with an outline of 3px that covers whatever it outside the box. The second gives a 954*294 box with an outline of 3px that does not cover anything – Shantung

Answer 9

It is also worth noting, that W3C's outline is IE's border, since IE does not implement W3C box model.

In w3c box model, the border is exclusive of element's width and height. In IE it is inclusive.

Rita

This is not true for IE10. -- And it does seem that you mix box-sizing models and the fact that outlines don't take space at all, independent of the model chosen. – Kopple

Answer 10

Differences between border and outline:

Border is part of the box model so it counts against the element's size. Outline is not part of the box model so it doesn't affect nearby elements.

Demo:

#border {
  border: 10px solid black;
}
#outline {
  outline: 10px solid black;
}

<html>
<body>
<span id="border">Border</span>Other text<br><br>
<span id="outline">Outline</span>Other text
</body>
</html>

Other differences:
The outline is displayed outside the border.
Outlines cannot have rounded corners; borders can.

Hereby

Answer 11

I've made a little piece of css/html code just to see the difference between both.

outline is better to inclose potential overflowing child elements, especially into an inline container.

border is much more adapted for block-behaving elements.

Fiddle for you sir!

Philae

Answer 12

As a practical example of using "outline", the faint dotted border that follows the system focus on a webpage (eg. if you tab through the the links) can be controlled using the outline property (at least, I know it can in Firefox, not tried other browsers).

A common "image replacement" technique is to use, for example:

<div id="logo"><a href="/">Foo Widgets Ltd.</a></div>

with the following in the CSS:

#logo
{
    background: url(/images/logo.png) center center no-repeat;
}
#logo a
{
    display: block;
    text-indent: -1000em;
}

The problem being that when the focus reaches the tag, the outline heads off 1000em to the left. Outline can allow you to turn off the focus outline on such elements.

I believe that the IE Developer Toolbar is also using something like outline "under the hood" when highlighting elements for inspection in "select" mode. That shows well the fact that "outline" takes up no space.

Cardie

I'd like to know who invented this image replacement technique and why. Its only purpose seems to be to make the text vanish for anybody who has images disabled. What's wrong with a normal image, with appropriate alt text? – Passport

It's the (now rather discredited for the very reason you mention) Phark method, which was an adaptation of Fahrner Image Replacement. I was simply using it as a rapid way of demonstrating a practical application of why someone might want to modify the focus outline :) – Cardie

Answer 13

The outline property in CSS draws a line around the outside of an element. It's similar to border except that:

• It always goes around all the sides, you can't specify particular
• sides It's not a part of the box model, so it won't effect the
  position of the element or adjacent elements

Source: https://css-tricks.com/almanac/properties/o/outline/

Swisher

Answer 14

think about outline as a border that a projector draw outside something as a border is an actual object around that thing.
a projection can easily overlap but border don't let you pass.
some times when i use grid+%width, border will change the scaling on view port,for example a div with width:100% in a parent with width:100px fills the parent completely, but when i add border:solid 5px to div it make the div smaller to make space for border(although it's rare and work-aroundable!)
but with outline it doesn't have this problem as outline is more virtual :D it's just a line outside the element but the problem is if you don't do spacing properly it would overlap with other contents.

to make it short:
outline pros:
it doesn't mess with spacing and positions
cons:
high chance of overlapping

Pastelki

Answer 15

Google web.dev has a good explaintion for Box Model.

The border box surrounds the padding box and its space is occupied by the border value. The border box is the bounds of your box and the border edge is the limit of what you can visually see. The border property is used to visually frame an element.

The margin box, is the space around your box, defined by the margin rule on your box. Properties such as outline and box-shadow occupy this space too because they are painted on top, so they don't affect the size of our box. You could have an outline-width of 200px on our box and everything inside and including the border box would be exactly the same size.

Piecework

Answer 16

Copied from W3Schools:

Definition and Usage

An outline is a line that is drawn around elements (outside the borders) to make the element "stand out".

Sadie

This doesn't explain the difference between the 2, only what outline is – Pegg