EDIT:
I just noticed that, according to your screenshot, the problem seems to be that the adb
tool is not found. Now I might be wrong but I think that as of Android 2.3 (maybe even earlier) the adb
tool is expected to be in [path-to-your-sdk]/platform-tools
folder, not in the [path-to-your-sdk]/tools
folder. The later path was used in earlier SDK's and your problem might be caused by such a simple thing that you have an outdated Android plugin in Eclipse.
OLD, IRRELEVANT ANSWER:
I've seen these kind of issues in Eclipse environments when I have some kind of error in my XML files. Malformed errors (that violate the rules of the XML structure) are often treated as "syntax errors" and are shown directly when you write them or when you try to build your application.
Other errors, however, like giving invalid references (giving a dimension where an integer is expected, for example) are not always highlighted with file name and failing line number (I'm not sure if this is bug in Eclipse's android plugin or even if it's a bug at all).
These kind of errors you'll have to hunt down manually and rebuild your project (as dcave555 sugested). This is really boring work if you have many XML files with many changes in