FYI. I had the same problem of "Submitted, Merge Pending" when user press submit twice on same page (she double clicked the submit button). It happened in Gerrit 2.11.
Error in log looks like
Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException: Duplicate entry '5173-2-1' for key 'PRIMARY'
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)
Before submitting there was only 1 commit (code changes). But after double pressing there are 2 commits. Second one is with new Commit Message and "Submitted, Merge Pending" status.
When I removed all information about second commit:
$ ssh -p 29418 admin@machine gerrit gsql
gerrit> delete from `patch_set_approvals` where change_id=5173 and patch_set_id=2;
gerrit> delete from `patch_set_ancestors` where change_id=5173 and patch_set_id=2;
gerrit> delete from `patch_sets` where change_id=5173 and patch_set_id=2;
it marked as integrated by user Gerrit Code Review .