How do I inspect a Python's class hierarchy?

Question

Assuming I have a class X, how do I check which is the base class/classes, and their base class/classes etc?

I'm using Eclipse with PyDev, and for Java for example you could type CTRL + T on a class' name and see the hierarchy, like:

java.lang.Object
   java.lang.Number
       java.lang.Integer

Is it possible for Python?

If not possible in Eclipse PyDev, where can I find this information?

Orbiculate

This is answered in Python: List all base classes in a hierarchy – Honey

Answer 1

Hit f4 with class name highlighted to open hierarchy view.

Hagai

Answer 2

Try inspect.getclasstree().

Arrange the given list of classes into a hierarchy of nested lists. Where a nested list appears, it contains classes derived from the class whose entry immediately precedes the list. Each entry is a 2-tuple containing a class and a tuple of its base classes. If the unique argument is true, exactly one entry appears in the returned structure for each class in the given list. Otherwise, classes using multiple inheritance and their descendants will appear multiple times.

Sabbat

Answer 3

Also, every class carries around with it an attribute called __mro__ which gives all the parent classes from which a given class could inherit methods or attributes. Read them from left to right. For example:

assert bool.__mro__ == (<class 'bool'>, <class 'int'>, <class 'object'>)
assert True.__class__.__mro__ == (<class 'bool'>, <class 'int'>, <class 'object'>)

Bituminous

Also every (new style) class has a mro method, so you can call bool.mro() and True.__class__.mro() respectively (it returns list instead of tuple). – Battue

Answer 4

You can also visualize class hierarchy as a picture.
I use Graphviz DOT and pyreverse to visualize and explore a large mess of classes (an example).

Assuming you want to draw all classes from tree.py in parso library:

# Generate classes_tree_full.png with full UML-style class boxes
$ pyreverse -mn    -o png -p tree_full  Lib\site-packages\parso\python\tree.py

# Generate classes_tree_short.png with only class names in boxes
$ pyreverse -mn -k -o png -p tree_short Lib\site-packages\parso\python\tree.py

Change -mn to -my if you want to see qualified class names, ex. parso.python.tree.Literal instead of just Literal.
Note: pyreverse also supports multiple files via globpatterns.

Alinaaline

Answer 5

Hit command+o, then Press Ctrl+O to show parent hierarchy

checkout this blog http://pydev.blogspot.jp/2015/03/navigating-through-your-code-when-in.html

Autointoxication