You need to add setters to the style rather than using RegisterName. The following code, in the Window_Loaded event, will create a new TextBlock style which will become the default for all instances of a TextBlock within the Window. If you'd rather set it explicitly on one particular TextBlock, you can set the Style property of that control rather than adding the style to the Resources dictionary.
private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
Style style = new Style(typeof (TextBlock));
style.Setters.Add(new Setter(TextBlock.ForegroundProperty, Brushes.Green));
style.Setters.Add(new Setter(TextBlock.TextProperty, "Green"));
Resources.Add(typeof (TextBlock), style);
}